放射

Chinese

		to release; to free; to let go to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out	radio- (chem.); shoot
trad. (放射)		放	射
simp. ^#(放射)		放	射

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fàngshè

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ ㄕㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong³ se⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fong-sa
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hòng-siā / pàng-siā

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fàngshè
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄕㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fàngshè
  - Wade–Giles: fang⁴-shê⁴
  - Yale: fàng-shè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqsheh
  - Palladius: фаншэ (fanšɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fong³ se⁶
  - Yale: fong seh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong³ se⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong³ sé⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³³ sɛː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fong-sa
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong sa
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fong⁴ sa⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ⁵⁵ sa⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng-siā
  - Tâi-lô: hòng-siā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: horngsia
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sia⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sia³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sia³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng-siā
  - Tâi-lô: pàng-siā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: parngsia
  - IPA (Taipei): /paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sia³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sia³³/

Verb

放射

to radiate; to emit
to shoot; to fire; to launch

Noun

放射

radiation (radioactive energy)

Synonyms

輻射／辐射 (fúshè)

Derived terms

三度空間立體順形放射治療 / 三度空间立体顺形放射治疗 (sāndù kōngjiān lìtǐ shùnxíng fàngshè zhìliáo)
放射化學 / 放射化学 (fàngshè huàxué)
放射學 / 放射学 (fàngshèxué)
放射性 (fàngshèxìng)
放射汙染 / 放射污染
放射源
放射科 (fàngshèkē)
放射線 / 放射线 (fàngshèxiàn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
放	射
ほう Grade: 3	しゃ Grade: 6
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
輻射

Etymology

Calque of English radiation; 放 is a daiyōji replacing 輻.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほーしゃ [hòóshá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ho̞ːɕa̠]

Noun

放(ほう)射(しゃ) • (hōsha)

radiation; emission

Verb

放(ほう)射(しゃ)する • (hōsha suru) suru (stem 放(ほう)射(しゃ)し (hōsha shi), past 放(ほう)射(しゃ)した (hōsha shita))

to emit; to radiate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "放射する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	放射し	ほうしゃし	hōsha shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	放射し	ほうしゃし	hōsha shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	放射する	ほうしゃする	hōsha suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	放射する	ほうしゃする	hōsha suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	放射すれ	ほうしゃすれ	hōsha sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	放射せよ¹ 放射しろ²	ほうしゃせよ¹ ほうしゃしろ²	hōsha seyo¹ hōsha shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	放射される	ほうしゃされる	hōsha sareru
Causative	放射させる放射さす	ほうしゃさせるほうしゃさす	hōsha saseru hōsha sasu
Potential	放射できる	ほうしゃできる	hōsha dekiru
Volitional	放射しよう	ほうしゃしよう	hōsha shiyō
Negative	放射しない	ほうしゃしない	hōsha shinai
Negative continuative	放射せず	ほうしゃせず	hōsha sezu
Formal	放射します	ほうしゃします	hōsha shimasu
Perfective	放射した	ほうしゃした	hōsha shita
Conjunctive	放射して	ほうしゃして	hōsha shite
Hypothetical conditional	放射すれば	ほうしゃすれば	hōsha sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
放	射

Noun

放射 • (bangsa) (hangeul 방사)

hanja form^? of 방사 (“radiation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
放	射

Noun

放射

chữ Hán form of phóng xạ (“radiation”)

Adjective

放射

chữ Hán form of phóng xạ (“radioactive”)

Verb

放射

chữ Hán form of phóng xạ (“to radiate”)