放電
Chinese
to release; to free; to let go to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out |
electric; electricity; electrical | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (放電) | 放 | 電 | |
| simp. (放电) | 放 | 电 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fong3 din6
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fàngdiàn
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fàngdiàn
- Wade–Giles: fang4-tien4
- Yale: fàng-dyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqdiann
- Palladius: фандянь (fandjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fong3 din6
- Yale: fong dihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong3 din6
- Guangdong Romanization: fong3 din6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔːŋ³³ tiːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng-tiān
- Tâi-lô: pàng-tiān
- Phofsit Daibuun: parngdien
- IPA (Xiamen): /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɛn³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang3 diang6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huàng tiăng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tiaŋ³⁵/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
放電
- (physics) to discharge electricity
- (figurative, slang) to charm someone; to make eyes at someone; to lure; to entice
- (of children) to play outdoors (so as to "release energy")
Derived terms
- 尖端放電 / 尖端放电
- 弧放電 / 弧放电
- 放電率 / 放电率
- 輝光放電 / 辉光放电
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 放 | 電 |
| ほう Grade: 3 |
でん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | goon |
Etymology
Appears to be a coinage during the Meiji era, as a compound of Middle Chinese-derived components 放 (hō, “throw, release”) + 電 (den, “electricity”), possibly as a calque of English discharge. First cited to the 電気訳語集 (Denki Yakugo Shū, “Electricity Translation Term Compendium”) of 1893.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
放電 • (hōden) ←はうでん (fauden)?
- [from 1893] (physics) electrical discharge
Verb
放電する • (hōden suru) ←はうでん (fauden)?suru (stem 放電し (hōden shi), past 放電した (hōden shita))
- [from 1893] (physics) to discharge electricity
- 1999 March 6, “二つの口を持つ闇の支配者 [Two-Mouth Dark Ruler]”, in Starter Box, Konami:
- 口が二つある恐竜。ツノに蓄電し、背中の口から放電する。
- Kuchi ga futatsu aru kyōryū. Tsuno ni chikuden shi, senaka no kuchi kara hōden suru.
- A two-mouthed dinosaur that discharges out of the mouth on its back the electricity it stores in its horn.
- 口が二つある恐竜。ツノに蓄電し、背中の口から放電する。
Conjugation
Conjugation of "放電する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 放電し | ほうでんし | hōden shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 放電し | ほうでんし | hōden shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 放電する | ほうでんする | hōden suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 放電する | ほうでんする | hōden suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 放電すれ | ほうでんすれ | hōden sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 放電せよ¹ 放電しろ² |
ほうでんせよ¹ ほうでんしろ² |
hōden seyo¹ hōden shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 放電される | ほうでんされる | hōden sareru | |
| Causative | 放電させる 放電さす |
ほうでんさせる ほうでんさす |
hōden saseru hōden sasu | |
| Potential | 放電できる | ほうでんできる | hōden dekiru | |
| Volitional | 放電しよう | ほうでんしよう | hōden shiyō | |
| Negative | 放電しない | ほうでんしない | hōden shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 放電せず | ほうでんせず | hōden sezu | |
| Formal | 放電します | ほうでんします | hōden shimasu | |
| Perfective | 放電した | ほうでんした | hōden shita | |
| Conjunctive | 放電して | ほうでんして | hōden shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 放電すれば | ほうでんすれば | hōden sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ “放電”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 放 | 電 |
Noun
放電 • (bangjeon) (hangeul 방전)
- hanja form? of 방전 (“electrical discharge”)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 放 | 電 |
Verb
放電
- chữ Hán form of phóng điện (“to discharge electricity”)