昆明

Chinese

		descendant; elder brother	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
trad. (昆明)		昆	明
simp. ^#(昆明)		昆	明

Etymology

Originally the endonym of an ethnic group living in what is now western Yunnan province and southwestern Sichuan province.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Kūnmíng

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣㄇㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan¹ ming⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Kûn-mìn

(Hailu, HRS): kun^ˋ min

(Meixian, Guangdong): kun¹ min²
Eastern Min (BUC): Kŏng-mìng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kong¹ ming² / kuong¹ ming²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Khun-bêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): kung¹ mêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹khuen-min

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Kūnmíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣㄇㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Kunmíng
  - Wade–Giles: Kʻun¹-ming²
  - Yale: Kwūn-míng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Kuenming
  - Palladius: Куньмин (Kunʹmin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwan¹ ming⁴
  - Yale: kwān mìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwan¹ ming⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuen¹ ming⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kûn-mìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gun^ˊ min^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gun¹ min²
  - Sinological IPA: /kun²⁴ min¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kun^ˋ min
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰun⁵³ min⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kun¹ min²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Kŏng-mìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kong¹ ming² [Phonetic: kong⁵ ming²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Keong-míng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kuong¹ ming² [Phonetic: kuong⁵ ming²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khun-bêng
  - Tâi-lô: Khun-bîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qunbeeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kung¹ mêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khung mêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹khuen-min
  - MiniDict: khuen^平 min
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹khun-min
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰuən⁵⁵ min²¹/

Proper noun

昆明

(～市) Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)

Derived terms

昆明劫灰
昆明山海棠 (Kūnmíng shānhǎitáng)
昆明池
昆明湖 (Kūnmíng Hú)
昆明灰

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (昆明):

→ Japanese: 昆(こん)明(めい) (Konmei)
→ Vietnamese: Côn Minh (昆明)

→ English: Kunming, K'un-ming
→ Hungarian: Kunming
→ Portuguese: Kunming
→ Russian: Куньми́н (Kunʹmín)
→ Spanish: Kunming

Japanese

Kanji in this term
昆	明
こん Grade: S	めい Grade: 2
on'yomi

Proper noun

昆(こん)明(めい) • (Konmei)

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
昆	明

Proper noun

昆明

chữ Hán form of Côn Minh (“Kunming”)