杭州

Chinese

		surname; Hangzhou	province; prefecture; state province; prefecture; state; county
trad. (杭州)		杭	州
simp. ^#(杭州)		杭	州

Etymology

The province's name derived from 餘杭／余杭 (Yúháng), traditionally glossed as a mistake for 禹航 (“Yu's ferry”) but more likely a transcription into Old Chinese characters of a native Proto-Wu placename.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Hángzhōu

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˊ ㄓㄡ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hong⁴ zau¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hong³ ziu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Hòng-chû

(Hailu, HRS): hong zhiu^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): hong² zu¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Hòng-ciŭ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang² ziu¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Hâng-chiu

(Teochew, Peng'im): hang⁵ ziu¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶ghaon-tseu₁ / ²ghan-tsei₁

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Hángzhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ ㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Hángjhou
  - Wade–Giles: Hang²-chou¹
  - Yale: Háng-jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Harngjou
  - Palladius: Ханчжоу (Xančžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hong⁴ zau¹
  - Yale: hòhng jāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hong⁴ dzau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hong⁴ zeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hong³ ziu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ²² t͡siu³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hòng-chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: hong^ˇ zu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hong² zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hoŋ¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hong zhiu^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /hoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃiu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hong² zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Hòng-ciŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /houŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒieu⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hang² ziu¹ [Phonetic: hang⁵ niu¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Háng-ciu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^(t͡s-)niu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hang² ziu¹ [Phonetic: hang⁵ niu¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)niu⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hâng-chiu
  - Tâi-lô: Hâng-tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hangciw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hang⁵ ziu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng tsiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ghaon-tseu₁
  - MiniDict: ghaon^去 tseu^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhaan-tseu₁
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦɑ̃²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²ghan-tsei₁
  - MiniDict: ghan^平 tsei^平
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦɑŋ²² t͡sei³⁴/

Proper noun

杭州

(～市) Hangzhou (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, China)
(～灣) Hangzhou Bay (the adjacent bay of the East China Sea, separating Shanghai from Ningbo)
(historical) Hang Prefecture or Province (former division of imperial China)

Synonyms

(city): 杭 (háng), (historical, poetic) 武林 (wǔlín), (historical) 臨安／临安 (Lín'ān), (historical) 行在 (Xíngzài), (historical) 錢塘／钱塘 (Qiántáng)

Derived terms

蘇杭 / 苏杭 (Sūháng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (杭州):

→ Japanese: 杭(こう)州(しゅう) (Kōshū)
→ Korean: 항주(杭州) (Hangju)
→ Vietnamese: Hàng Châu (杭州)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
杭	州
こう Jinmeiyō	しゅう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Proper noun

杭(こう)州(しゅう) • (Kōshū)

Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
杭	州
くい Jinmeiyō	しゅう Grade: 3
kun'yomi	on'yomi

To distinguish it orally with 広州(こうしゅう) (Kōshū).

Proper noun

杭(くい)州(しゅう) • (Kuishū)

Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)

Korean

Hanja in this term
杭	州

Proper noun

杭州 • (Hangju) (hangeul 항주)

hanja form^? of 항주 (“Hangzhou”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
杭	州

Proper noun

杭州

chữ Hán form of Hàng Châu (“Hangzhou”)