東北

See also: 东北

Chinese

		east	north
trad. (東北)		東	北
simp. (东北)		东	北

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dōngběi

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥㄅㄟˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dung¹ bak¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûng-pet
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tang-pak

(Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ bag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dōngběi
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥㄅㄟˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dongběi
  - Wade–Giles: tung¹-pei³
  - Yale: dūng-běi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongbeei
  - Palladius: дунбэй (dunbɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dung¹ bak¹
  - Yale: dūng bāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹ bak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: dung¹ beg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-pet
  - Hakka Romanization System: dung^ˊ bed^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹ bed⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴ pet̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-pak
  - Tâi-lô: tang-pak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dangpag
  - IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ pak̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dang¹ bag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang pak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³⁻²³ pak̚²/

Middle Chinese: tuwng pok

Rime
Character	東	北
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	德紅切	博墨切
Baxter	tuwng	pok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ/	/pək̚/
Li Rong	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Wang Li	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng	bo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung¹	bak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ pˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ pɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	東	北
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dōng	běi
Middle Chinese	‹ tuwng ›	‹ pok ›
Old Chinese	/tˁoŋ/ (< tˁoŋʔ ?)	/*pˁək/
English	east	north
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	東	北
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2435	414
Phonetic component	東	北
Rime group	東	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	東	北
Old Chinese	/*toːŋ/	/*pɯːɡ/
Notes	種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽，參敕字陳字注

Noun

東北

northeast
- 艮，東北之卦也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  艮，东北之卦也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE
  Gèn, dōngběi zhī guà yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Coordinate terms

compass points: 方位 (fāngwèi): ^[edit]

西北 (xīběi)	北	東北 / 东北 (dōngběi)
西 (xī)		東 / 东 (dōng)
西南 (xīnán)	南	東南 / 东南 (dōngnán)

Derived terms

東北亞 / 东北亚 (Dōngběiyà)
東北地區 / 东北地区 (Dōngběi Dìqū)
東北方 / 东北方
東北角 / 东北角
東北風 / 东北风 (dōngběifēng)

Proper noun

東北

(～地區) Northeast China (a region of China; consisting of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, and sometimes the northeast part of Inner Mongolia)
(～大行政區, ～區) (historical) Northeast China (a former greater administrative region of China from 1949 to 1954, consisting of Liaodong, Liaoxi, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Songjiang, Rehe and Suiyuan, Shenyang, Lüda, Fushun, Anshan and Benxi)
(historical) Manchuria
(～地方) Tōhoku (a region of Japan)

Derived terms

外東北 / 外东北 (Wài Dōngběi)
東北三寶 / 东北三宝
東北三省 / 东北三省 (Dōngběi Sān Shěng)
東北九省 / 东北九省
東北大鼓 / 东北大鼓
東北官話 / 东北官话 (dōngběi guānhuà)
東北平原 / 东北平原 (Dōngběi Píngyuán)
東北易幟 / 东北易帜 (Dōngběi Yìzhì)
東北虎 / 东北虎 (dōngběihǔ)
東北話 / 东北话 (dōngběihuà)

東百／东百 (Dōngbǎi)
東baby／东baby (Dōng bēibi)

Descendants

→ Korean: 둥베이 (dungbei)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
東	北
とう Grade: 2	ほく Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とーほく [tòóhókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞ːho̞kɯ̟]

Noun

東(とう)北(ほく) • (tōhoku)

northeast

Coordinate terms

compass points: 方角 (hōgaku): ^[edit]

北西 (hokusei) 西北 (seihoku)	北 (kita)	北東 (hokutō) 東北 (tōhoku)
西 (nishi)		東 (higashi)
西南 (seinan) 南西 (nansei)	南 (minami)	東南 (tōnan) 南東 (nantō)

Proper noun

東(とう)北(ほく) • (Tōhoku)

Tōhoku (a traditional region of Japan, specifically the northernmost six prefectures in Honshu (clockwise from the northermost): Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima, Yamagata and Akita)

Synonyms

東(とう)北(ほく)地(ち)方(ほう) (Tōhoku chihō, “the Tōhoku region”)
奥(おう)羽(う) (Ōu)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
東	北

Noun

東北 • (dongbuk) (hangeul 동북)

hanja form^? of 동북 (“northeast”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
東	北

Noun

東北

chữ Hán form of đông bắc (“northeast”)

Coordinate terms

compass points: ^[edit]

tây bắc (西北)	bắc (北)	đông bắc (東北)
tây (西)		đông (東)
tây nam (西南)	nam (南)	đông nam (東南)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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