西北

Chinese

west north
trad. (西北) 西 北
simp. #(西北) 西 北

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sai-pak - vernacular (all senses);
  • se-pak - literary (“northwest; Northwestern China”).
    Rime
    Character 西 北
    Reading # 1/1 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 齊 (39) 德 (131)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) IV I
    Fanqie 先稽切 博墨切
    Baxter sej pok
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sei/ /pək̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sei/ /pək̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sɛi/ /pək̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sɛj/ /pək̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/sei/ /pək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/siei/ /pək̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/siei/ /pək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xī bo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sai1 bak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 西 北
    Reading # 1/1 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xī běi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sej › ‹ pok ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-nˁər/ /*pˁək/
    English west north

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 西 北
    Reading # 1/1 1/1
    No. 13236 414
    Phonetic
    component         		西 北
    Rime
    group         		微 職
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		西 北
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sɯːl/ /*pɯːɡ/

    Noun

    西北

    1. northwest
    2. (Hokkien, Puxian Min) summer shower; convectional rain

    Synonyms

    • (summer shower):
    Dialectal synonyms of 雷陣雨 (“thunder shower”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 雷陣雨
    Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 雷陣雨, 西北雨
    Harbin 雷陣雨
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 雷陣雨
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 雷陣雨
    Xuzhou 雷暴雨
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 雷雨
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 偏東雨, 雷陣雨
    Guiyang 雷陣雨
    Liuzhou 雷陣雨
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 雷陣雨, 雷雨, 雷暴雨
    Yangzhou 雷暴雨
    Cantonese Dongguan 雷陣雨
    Gan Pingxiang 雷陣雨
    Hakka Yudu 雷陣雨
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 風時雨
    Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 風時雨
    Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 西北雨
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 西北雨
    Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 西北雨
    Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 西北雨
    Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 西北雨
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 風時水
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 西北雨
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 風時雨
    Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 西北雨
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 西北雨
    Jin Taiyuan 忽雷雨
    Xinzhou 忽雷雨
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 晡時雨
    Fuqing 晡時雨
    Southern Min Xiamen 西北雨, 西北, 方時雨
    Quanzhou 西北雨, 西北
    Zhangzhou 西北雨, 西北, 方時雨
    Taipei 西北雨
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 西北雨
    Kaohsiung 西北雨
    Yilan 西北雨
    Changhua (Lukang) 西北雨
    Taichung 西北雨
    Tainan 西北雨
    Hsinchu 西北雨
    Kinmen 西北雨
    Penghu (Magong) 西北雨
    Longyan 時雨
    Puxian Min Putian 西北雨, 西北
    Xianyou 西北雨, 西北
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 雷陣雨
    Wu Shanghai 雷陣雨
    Danyang 雷陣雨
    Hangzhou 雷陣雨
    Ningbo 雷雨, 雷陣雨
    Jinhua 天雷雨, 天雷猛雨 stronger
    Xiang Changsha 雷陣雨

    Coordinate terms

    compass points: 方位 (fāngwèi):  [edit]

    西北 (xīběi) 北 東北 / 东北 (dōngběi)
    西 (xī) 東 / 东 (dōng)
    西南 (xīnán) 南 東南 / 东南 (dōngnán)

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic (西北):
    • → Japanese: 西北(せいほく) (seihoku)
    • → Korean: 서북(西北) (seobuk)
    • → Vietnamese: tây bắc (西北)

    Proper noun

    西北

    1. (～地區) Northwest China (a region of China; consisting of Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang)
    2. (～大行政區, ～區) (historical) Northwest China (a former greater administrative region of China from 1949 to 1954, consisting of Xi'an, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang)

    Derived terms

    • 大西北 (Dàxīběi)
    • 東南一尉，西北一候 / 东南一尉，西北一候

    References

    • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “西北”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 457.

    Japanese

    Kanji in this term
    西 北
    せい
    Grade: 2     		ほく
    Grade: 2
    on'yomi

    Pronunciation

    • (Tokyo) せーほく [sèéhókú] (Heiban – [0])
    • IPA(key): [se̞ːho̞kɯ̟]

    Noun

    西(せい)北(ほく) • (seihoku) 

    1. northwest

    Coordinate terms

    compass points: 方角 (hōgaku):  [edit]

    北西 (hokusei)
    西北 (seihoku)     		北 (kita) 北東 (hokutō)
    東北 (tōhoku)
    西 (nishi) 東 (higashi)
    西南 (seinan)
    南西 (nansei)     		南 (minami) 東南 (tōnan)
    南東 (nantō)

    Korean

    Hanja in this term
    西北

    Noun

    西北 • (seobuk) (hangeul 서북)

    1. hanja form? of 서북 (“northwest”)

    Vietnamese

    chữ Hán Nôm in this term
    西北

    Noun

    西北

    1. chữ Hán form of tây bắc (“northwest”)

    Verb

    西北

    1. chữ Hán form of tây bắc (“to northwest”)

    Coordinate terms

    compass points:  [edit]

    tây bắc (西北) bắc (北) đông bắc (東北)
    tây (西) đông (東)
    tây nam (西南) nam (南) đông nam (東南)
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