業障

Chinese

		business; occupation; study	to block; to hinder; to obstruct
trad. (業障)		業	障
simp. (业障)		业	障

Etymology

Translation of Sanskrit कर्मावरण (karmāvaraṇa, “karmic obstruction”). The Tibetan equivalent is ལས་ཀྱི་སྒྲིབ་པ (las kyi sgrib pa).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yèzhàng

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jip⁶ zoeng³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gia̍p-chiòng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yèzhàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yèjhàng
  - Wade–Giles: yeh⁴-chang⁴
  - Yale: yè-jàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yehjanq
  - Palladius: ечжан (ječžan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jip⁶ zoeng³
  - Yale: yihp jeung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jip⁹ dzoeng³
  - Guangdong Romanization: yib⁶ zêng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːp̚² t͡sœːŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍p-chiòng
  - Tâi-lô: gia̍p-tsiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giabcioxng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: ngjaep tsyang|tsyangH

Rime
Character	業	障	障
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	章 (23)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	業 (147)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	魚怯切	諸良切	之亮切
Baxter	ngjaep	tsyang	tsyangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐp̚/	/t͡ɕɨɐŋ/	/t͡ɕɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐp̚/	/t͡ɕiɐŋ/	/t͡ɕiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐp̚/	/t͡ɕiɑŋ/	/t͡ɕiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨap̚/	/cɨaŋ/	/cɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ŋiap̚/	/t͡ɕiaŋ/	/t͡ɕiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐp̚/	/t͡ɕĭaŋ/	/t͡ɕĭaŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐp̚/	/t͡ɕi̯aŋ/	/t͡ɕi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè	zhāng	zhàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jip⁶	zoeng¹	zoeng³

Noun

業障

(Buddhism) sin that detracts from one's good works; karmic hindrance
(dated, derogatory, term of abuse said of one's inferiors) vile spawn