殖民

Chinese

	grow; reproduce	the people; nationality; citizen
trad. (殖民)	殖	民
simp. ^#(殖民)	殖	民
alternative forms	植民

Etymology

c. 1880s, wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 殖(しょく)民(みん) (shokumin), which was historically an alternative form of 植民 (Shen, 2008, Pan, 2013).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhímín

(Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zik⁶ man⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t-mìn

(Hailu, HRS): chid^ˋ min
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih⁷ ming²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): si̍t-bîn

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêg⁴ mêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhímín
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhmín
  - Wade–Giles: chih²-min²
  - Yale: jŕ-mín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrmin
  - Palladius: чжиминь (čžiminʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ min³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zik⁶ man⁴
  - Yale: jihk màhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹ man⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶ men⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚² mɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t-mìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ciid min^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cid⁶ min²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ min¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: chid^ˋ min
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰit² min⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁷ ming² [Phonetic: sih⁶ ming²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si̍h-míng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ miŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁷ ming² [Phonetic: sih⁶ ming²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ⁴⁻² miŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t-bîn
  - Tâi-lô: si̍t-bîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sidbiin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sit̚⁴⁻³² bin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴⁻² bin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sit̚⁴⁻³² bin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚⁴⁻³² bin²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêg⁴ mêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sek mêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sek̚²⁻⁴ meŋ⁵⁵/