洛陽

See also: 洛阳 and 落陽

Chinese

	surname; name of a river	positive (electric.); sun; male
trad. (洛陽)	洛	陽
simp. (洛阳)	洛	阳
alternative forms	雒陽／雒阳

Etymology 1

Yang (north) of the Luo River; based on Yin and yang toponymy in which north is associated with yang. Luoyang is situated to the north of the Luo River.^[1]

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Luòyáng

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lok³ joeng⁴ / lok⁶ joeng⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Lo̍k-yòng

(Meixian, Guangdong): log⁶ yong²
Eastern Min (BUC): Lŏk-iòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Lo̍k-iông / Lo̍k-iâng

(Teochew, Peng'im): log⁸ iang⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸loq-yan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Luòyáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Luòyáng
  - Wade–Giles: Lo⁴-yang²
  - Yale: Lwò-yáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luohyang
  - Palladius: Лоян (Lojan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lok³ joeng⁴ / lok⁶ joeng⁴
  - Yale: lok yèuhng / lohk yèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁸ joeng⁴ / lok⁹ joeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: log³ yêng⁴ / log⁶ yêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚³ jœːŋ²¹/, /lɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Lo̍k-yòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: log iong^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: log⁶ yong²
  - Sinological IPA: /lok̚⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Lo̍k-yòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: log (r)iong^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: log⁶ yong²
  - Sinological IPA: /lok̚⁵ (j)i̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: log⁶ yong²
  - Sinological IPA: /lɔk̚⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Lŏk-iòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ouʔ⁵⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lo̍k-iông
  - Tâi-lô: Lo̍k-iông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: log'ioong
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² iɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lo̍k-iâng
  - Tâi-lô: Lo̍k-iâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: log'iaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: log⁸ iang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lo̍k iâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lok̚⁴⁻² iaŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸loq-yan
  - MiniDict: loh^入 yan
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵loq-hhian
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ¹¹ ɦiã²³/

Middle Chinese: lak yang

Rime
Character	洛	陽
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	盧各切	與章切
Baxter	lak	yang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/	/jɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/	/jiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/	/iɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/	/jɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/	/iaŋ/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/	/jĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/	/i̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò	yáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok⁶	joeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡ laŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	陽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yáng
Middle Chinese	‹ yang ›
Old Chinese	/*laŋ/
English	bright
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洛	陽
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3866	14590
Phonetic component	各	昜
Rime group	鐸	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	落	陽
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːɡ/	/*laŋ/

Proper noun

洛陽

(～市) Luoyang (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)
(～鎮) Luoyang (a town in the district of Zengdu in the prefecture-level city of Suizhou, Hubei, China)

Derived terms

洛陽伽藍記 / 洛阳伽蓝记
洛陽才子 / 洛阳才子
洛陽橋 / 洛阳桥
洛陽紙貴 / 洛阳纸贵 (luòyángzhǐguì)
洛陽花 / 洛阳花
洛陽鏟 / 洛阳铲

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (洛陽):

→ Japanese: 洛陽(らくよう) (Rakuyō)
→ Korean: 낙양(洛陽) (Nagyang)
→ Vietnamese: Lạc Dương (洛陽)

Others:

→ English: Luoyang
→ Thai: ลั่วหยาง, ลกเอี๋ยง

Etymology 2

	surname; name of a river	positive (electric.); sun; male
trad. (洛陽)	洛	陽
simp. (洛阳)	洛	阳
alternative forms	樂洋／乐洋落洋

Popularly considered to be a beautified form (雅化) of 落洋.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Luòyáng

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄤˊ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Lo̍h-iûⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Luòyáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Luòyáng
  - Wade–Giles: Lo⁴-yang²
  - Yale: Lwò-yáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luohyang
  - Palladius: Лоян (Lojan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lo̍h-iûⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: Lo̍h-iûnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loiq'viuu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lo(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lo(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iũ²⁴/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /lo(ʔ)²³⁻² iũ²⁴/

Proper noun

洛陽

(～鎮) Luoyang (a town in Hui'an County in the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)
(～江) Luoyang (a river in the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)

Derived terms

洛陽橋 / 洛阳桥

References

^ Luoyang, in Encyclopædia Britannica: "it was named Luoyang because it was north (yang) of the Luo River,"

Japanese

Kanji in this term
洛	陽
らく Jinmeiyō	よう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Proper noun

洛(らく)陽(よう) • (Rakuyō) ^{←らくやう (Rakuyau)^?}

Luoyang (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)
As a poetic name for Kyoto, Japan, as an allusion to the virtues of Luoyang

Korean

Hanja in this term
洛	陽

Proper noun

洛陽 • (Nagyang) (hangeul 낙양)

hanja form^? of 낙양 (“Luoyang”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
洛	陽

Proper noun

洛陽

chữ Hán form of Lạc Dương (“Luoyang”)

[1] Luoyang, in Encyclopædia Britannica: "it was named Luoyang because it was north (yang) of the Luo River,"

[1]