洞葛

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (洞葛)	洞	葛
simp. ^#(洞葛)	洞	葛
alternative forms	杖楬洞角 Teochew 動角／动角 Teochew

Etymology

From Malay tongkat.

Pronunciation

Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tōng-kat / tōng-kak

(Teochew, Peng'im): dong⁶ gag⁴

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Kinmen, Singapore, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōng-kat
  - Tâi-lô: tōng-kat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doxngkad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /tɔŋ²²⁻¹² kat̚³²/
  - IPA (Penang): /tɔŋ²¹ kat̚³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōng-kak
  - Tâi-lô: tōng-kak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doxngkag
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dong⁶ gag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏng kak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

Noun

洞葛

(Hokkien, Teochew) (Western-style) cane; walking stick

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 拐杖 (“walking stick”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		拐杖, 拐棍, 手杖, 文明棍 dated
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	拐棍兒
	Taiwan	拐杖
	Harbin	拐棍兒, 拐杖, 手杖, 文明棍兒 dated
	Singapore	拐杖
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	拐棍, 拄棒, 手杖, 文明棍兒 dated
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	拐, 拐棍兒, 手杖
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	拐棍兒
	Wanrong	拐拐, 文明棍兒
	Xi'an	拐拐兒, 拐棍兒, 文明棍兒
	Xining	拐棍, 文明棍
	Xuzhou	拐棍兒, 拐杖, 文明棍兒, 斯提克 dated
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	拐棍, 文明棍
	Lanzhou	拐棍, 文明棍子
	Ürümqi	拐棍兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	拐棍兒, 拐棍, 手棍兒, 文明棍兒, 文明棍
	Wuhan	拐棍, 文明棍子 dated, 文明棍 dated
	Guiyang	拐棍, 拐杖, 杵手棍, 自由棍, 文明棍
	Liuzhou	拐棍, 司啲棍
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	拐棍, 拐杖, 文明棍
	Yangzhou	拐棍
	Hefei	拐棍
Cantonese	Guangzhou	拐杖, 拐, 士的
	Hong Kong	拐杖, 士的
	Taishan	士的
	Dongguan	拐杖, 士的
	Yangjiang	拐杖, 士的
Gan	Nanchang	拐棍, 文明棍
	Lichuan	老人棒, 文明棍
	Pingxiang	拄手棍, 自由棍子 dated, 西洋棍 dated
Hakka	Meixian	杖仔, 手杖, 短㓤仔
Huizhou	Jixi	戳拐
Jin	Taiyuan	拐棍, 拐棍兒, 文明棍
Jin	Xinzhou	拐棍, 文明棍兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	杖仔, 文明杖
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	具具, 杖杖, 老具, 具杖, 老杖
Southern Min	Xiamen	拐仔, 手拐, 洞葛
	Quanzhou	拐仔, 手拐, 洞葛
	Jinjiang	洞葛
	Zhangzhou	拐仔, 手拐, 洞葛
	Taipei	拐仔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	拐仔
	Kaohsiung	拐仔
	Yilan	拐仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	拐仔
	Taichung	拐仔
	Tainan	拐仔
	Hsinchu	拐仔
	Kinmen	洞葛, 拐仔
	Penghu (Magong)	拐仔
	Penang (Hokkien)	洞葛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	洞葛
	Chaozhou	洞葛
	Jieyang	洞葛
	Singapore (Teochew)	洞葛
	Leizhou	杖
	Haikou	手棍, 士的
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	拐棍, 拐棒, 士的棍
Wu	Shanghai	拐杖, 司的克, 撐壓棒, 撐行棒
	Shanghai (Chongming)	老鰥棒, 司的克
	Suzhou	拐杖, 拄拐, 司的克
	Danyang	拐棒
	Hangzhou	拐杖兒, 司的克
	Ningbo	按杖棒, 按拄杖, 司的克
	Wenzhou	棒拄, 司的克
	Jinhua	拐兒, 妒拐兒, 司的克
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	棍杖
Xiang	Changsha	拐棍, 戳手棍, 自由棍, 文明棍
	Loudi	戳手棍, 文明棍, 欑路棍
	Shuangfeng	戳手棍, 杖