海嘯

See also: 海嘨 and 海啸

Chinese

		ocean; sea	to hiss; to whistle
trad. (海嘯)		海	嘯
simp. (海啸)		海	啸

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hǎixiào

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi² siu³ / hoi² siu⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hái-siàu

(Teochew, Peng'im): hai² sao³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hǎixiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hǎisiào
  - Wade–Giles: hai³-hsiao⁴
  - Yale: hǎi-syàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haeshiaw
  - Palladius: хайсяо (xajsjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi² siu³ / hoi² siu⁶
  - Yale: hói siu / hói siuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi² siu³ / hoi² siu⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi² xiu³ / hoi² xiu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ siːu̯³³/, /hɔːi̯³⁵ siːu̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hái-siàu
  - Tâi-lô: hái-siàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haysiaux
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hai² sao³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hái sàu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hai⁵²⁻³⁵ sau²¹³/

Noun

海嘯

tsunami

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 海嘯 (“tsunami”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		海嘯
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	海嘯
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	海嘯
Cantonese	Hong Kong	海嘯
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	海亂
Southern Min	Xiamen	海漲, 滾蛟龍 verb, 起蛟龍 verb
	Quanzhou	海漲
	Leizhou	海吼

Derived terms

大海嘯 / 大海啸 (dàhǎixiào)
氣象海嘯 / 气象海啸 (qìxiàng hǎixiào)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (海嘯):

→ Japanese: 海嘯(かいしょう) (kaishō)
→ Korean: 해소(海嘯) (haeso)

Others:

→ Zhuang: haijsiu

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
海	嘯
かい Grade: 2	しょう Hyōgai
on'yomi

Alternative spellings
(kyūjitai) 海嘨 (extended shinjitai)

/kaiseu/ → /kaiɕeu/ → /kaiɕoː/

From Middle Chinese compound 海嘯 / 海啸 (xoj^X sew^H, literally “sea, ocean + to roar, to wail”), with the latter character in reference to the sound of the rushing water during a tidal bore. Compare modern Mandarin reading hǎixiào.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かいしょー [kàíshóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ka̠iɕo̞ː]

Noun

海(かい)嘯(しょう) • (kaishō) ^{←かいせう (kaiseu)^?}

a tidal bore
a tsunami, a tidal wave

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
海	嘯
Grade: 2	Hyōgai
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
(kyūjitai) 海嘨 (extended shinjitai)

Compound of 津 (tsu, “cove, inlet, outlet”) +‎ 波 (nami, “wave”).^[3]^[1]

The spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 海嘯 – see the following entry.

【津波つなみ】

[noun] [from early 1600s] (oceanography) a tsunami; a tidal wave

[noun] (hydrology, rare) a tidal bore

[noun] (hydrology, rare) a storm surge

Alternative spellings
津浪, 海嘨

(This term, 海嘯, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
海	嘯

Noun

海嘯 • (haeso) (hangeul 해소)

hanja form^? of 해소

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-2] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-3] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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