烏孫

See also: 乌孙

Chinese

		a crow; black; not a crow; black; not; empty; void	grandson
trad. (烏孫)		烏	孫
simp. (乌孙)		乌	孙

Etymology

First attested in the Records of the Grand Historian.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wūsūn

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄙㄨㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu¹ syun¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wūsūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄙㄨㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wusun
  - Wade–Giles: wu¹-sun¹
  - Yale: wū-swūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: usuen
  - Palladius: усунь (usunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵⁵ su̯ən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu¹ syun¹
  - Yale: wū syūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu¹ syn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu¹ xun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː⁵⁵ syːn⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'u swon

Rime
Character	烏	孫
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	哀都切	思渾切
Baxter	'u	swon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔuo/	/suən/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔuo/	/suon/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔo/	/suən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɔ/	/swən/
Li Rong	/ʔo/	/suən/
Wang Li	/u/	/suən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔuo/	/suən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wū	sūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu¹	syun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤa [s]ˤu[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*qaː suːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	烏	孫
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wū	sūn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔu ›	‹ swon ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁa/	/*[s]ˁu[n]/
English	烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)	grandchild; descendant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	烏	孫
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13077	12178
Phonetic component	烏	孫
Rime group	魚	文
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	烏	孫
Old Chinese	/*qaː/	/*suːn/

Proper noun

烏孫

Wusun