珍珠

Chinese

		precious thing; treasure	pearl; bead
simp. and trad. (珍珠)		珍	珠
alternative forms		真珠 obsolete or dialectal

Etymology

Pearls were previously called 真珠 (zhēnzhū, “true pearls”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhēnzhū

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄣㄓㄨ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җынҗў (žɨnžw, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zan¹ zyu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂n-chû

(Meixian, Guangdong): jin¹ zu¹
Eastern Min (BUC): dĭng-ciŏ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tin-chu

(Teochew, Peng'im): diang¹ zu¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹tsen-tsy₁ / ¹tsen-tsyu₁

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhēnzhū
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄣㄓㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhenjhu
  - Wade–Giles: chên¹-chu¹
  - Yale: jēn-jū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenju
  - Palladius: чжэньчжу (čžɛnʹčžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җынҗў (žɨnžw, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zan¹ zyu¹
  - Yale: jān jyū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzan¹ dzy¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zen¹ ju¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂n-chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziin^ˊ zu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zin¹ zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jin¹ zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕin⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭng-ciŏ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒuo⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tin-chu
  - Tâi-lô: tin-tsu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dinzw
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tin³³ t͡su³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: diang¹ zu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiang tsu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsen-tsy₁
  - MiniDict: tsen^平 tsy^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsen-tsr₁
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsen-tsyu₁
  - MiniDict: tsen^平 tsyu^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sən⁴⁴ t͡sz̩ʷ/

Middle Chinese: trin tsyu

Rime
Character	珍	珠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟鄰切	章俱切
Baxter	trin	tsyu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪn/	/t͡ɕɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚin/	/t͡ɕio/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶien/	/t͡ɕio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjin/	/cuə̆/
Li Rong	/ȶjĕn/	/t͡ɕio/
Wang Li	/ȶǐĕn/	/t͡ɕĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ĕn/	/t͡ɕi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn	zhū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zan¹	zyu¹

Noun

珍珠

pearl (gem) (Classifier: 粒; 顆／颗 m)
tapioca pearl (Classifier: 粒; 顆／颗 m)
(figurative) tear; teardrop

Synonyms

(pearl):

edit

明珠 (míngzhū) (shiny pearl)
正珠 (Puxian Min)
珠仔 (Hakka)
珠子 (zhūzi)
珠璣 / 珠玑 (zhūjī)

Derived terms

珍珠奶茶 (zhēnzhū nǎichá)
珍珠岩
珍珠母 (zhēnzhūmǔ)
珍珠港 (Zhēnzhūgǎng)
珍珠粉 (zhēnzhūfěn)
珍珠草
珍珠菜 (zhēnzhūcài)
珍珠貝 / 珍珠贝
珍珠霜 (zhēnzhūshuāng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (真珠, 珍珠):

→ Japanese: 真珠(しんじゅ) (shinju)
→ Korean: 진주(眞珠, 珍珠)
→ Vietnamese: trân châu (真珠, 珍珠) (see there for further descendants)

Others:

→ Proto-Common Turkic: *yinǯü
- Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰃𐰨𐰇 (y²inčü), 𐰘𐰨𐰇 (y²nčü)
- Kipchak:
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: ынйы (ınyı)
    - Tatar: энҗе (ence)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: inci
    - Karachay-Balkar: инджи (inci)
    - Karaim:
      Latin script: in'dži
      
      Cyrillic script: иньджи
    - Kumyk: инжи (inji)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Kazakh: інжу (ınju)
    - Nogai: ынжы (ınjı)
  - East Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: инжу (inju)
    - Southern Altai: јинји (ǰinǰi), инји (inǰi)
- Proto-Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: inci
    - Ottoman Turkish: اینجو (inci, incü)
      - Turkish: inci
    - → Old East Slavic: инчи (inči)
  - Turkmen: hünji
- Siberian Turkic:
  - Khakas: нинӌі (nincì)
  - Northern Altai: чиндьи (čindʹi), чинъчи (činʺči), чинче (činče)
  - Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 (yinčü)
    - Western Yugur: unžo
  - Shor: ненчи
  - Tofa: ниньҷи
  - Tuvan: чинжи (çinji)
- Karluk:
  - Uyghur: ئۇنجە (unje), ئۇنجى (unji), ئىنجۇ (inju)
  - Uzbek: inju
- → Bulgar: *ǯinǯü
  - Chuvash: ӗнчӗ (ĕnč̬ĕ)
  - → Old Hungarian: *dzsindzsü
    - Hungarian: gyöngy
    - → Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ђинђуха, ђинђува
      
      Latin script: đinđuha, đinđuva
    - →⇒ Ukrainian: дженджеру́ха (džendžerúxa)
  - → Old East Slavic: жьньчюгъ (žĭnĭčjugŭ), жьмьчюгъ (žĭmĭčjugŭ) (see there for further descendants)
- → Classical Mongolian: ᠵᠢᠨᠵᠦᠦ (ǰinǰüü)
  - Mongolian: жинжүү (žinžüü)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
珍	珠
ちん Grade: S	じゅ Grade: S
on'yomi

Proper noun

珍(ちん)珠(じゅ) • (Chinju)

a surname

Korean

Hanja in this term
珍	珠

Noun

珍珠 • (jinju) (hangeul 진주)

hanja form^? of 진주 (“pearl”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
珍	珠

Noun

珍珠

chữ Hán form of trân châu (“pearl”)