石叻
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (石叻) |
石 | 叻 | |
| alternative forms | 實叻／实叻 𡁃叻 實辣／实辣 | ||
Etymology
Borrowed from Malay selat (“strait”). Singapore was the capital of Straits Settlements as a British colony.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sek6 lik1 / sek6 lak6
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Shílè
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄌㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Shíhlè
- Wade–Giles: Shih2-lê4
- Yale: Shŕ-lè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shyrleh
- Palladius: Шилэ (Šilɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sek6 lik1 / sek6 lak6
- Yale: sehk līk / sehk lahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: sek9 lik7 / sek9 lak9
- Guangdong Romanization: ség6 lig1 / ség6 leg6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛːk̚² lɪk̚⁵/, /sɛːk̚² lɐk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Si̍t-la̍t
- Tâi-lô: Si̍t-la̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: sidlat
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚⁴⁻³² lat̚⁴/
- IPA (Singapore): /sit̚⁴³⁻²¹ lat̚⁴³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sig8 lag8 / sêg8 lag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si̍k la̍k / se̍k la̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /sik̚⁴⁻² lak̚⁴/, /sek̚⁴⁻² lak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
Note: sêg8 lag8 - Jieyang.
Proper noun
石叻
- (regional, dated) Singapore
- Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板一世報全歌》, volume 4, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 11r:
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 新加坡 (“Singapore”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 新加坡 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 新加坡 |
| Malaysia | 新加坡, 新國 | |
| Singapore | 新加坡, 星洲 nickname, 獅城 nickname, 小紅點 nickname, 石叻 dated, 石叻埠 dated, 叻埠 dated | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 星加坡, 叻埠 |
| Hong Kong | 新加坡, 星加坡, 星國, 星洲 nickname, 叻埠 dated | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 星加坡 | |
| Penang (Guangfu) | 星加坡 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 星加坡 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 新加坡, 石叻 dated |
| Quanzhou | 新加坡 | |
| Zhangzhou | 新加坡 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 新加坡, 實叻坡 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 新加坡, 獅城, 石叻 dated | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 新加坡 | |
| Jieyang | 石叻 dated, 叻埠 dated | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 新加坡, 星洲 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 新加坡 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 新加坡 |
References
- Duffus, William (1883) “Singapore”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 245