石綿

See also: 石绵

Chinese

		rock; stone; 10 pecks	cotton; incessant; soft cotton; incessant; soft; downy
trad. (石綿)		石	綿
simp. (石绵)		石	绵

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shímián

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄇㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sek⁶ min⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chio̍h-mî

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shímián
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄇㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shíhmián
  - Wade–Giles: shih²-mien²
  - Yale: shŕ-myán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrmian
  - Palladius: шимянь (šimjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    石棉
    石綿 / 石绵
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sek⁶ min⁴
  - Yale: sehk mìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sek⁹ min⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ség⁶ min⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛːk̚² miːn²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    石棉
    石綿 / 石绵
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-mî
  - Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-mî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioiqmii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² mĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mĩ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩ²³/

Noun

石綿

(chiefly Taiwan) alternative form of 石棉 (shímián, “asbestos”)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
石	綿
いし Grade: 1	わた Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Compound of 石 (ishi, “stone”) +‎ 綿 (wata, “cotton, batting”).^[1]

The first appearance of this term is unknown. The material was known in Japan at least as early as 1764, when Rangaku scholar Hiraga Gennai had asbestos cloth created based on Chinese techniques. However, he called this cloth 火浣布 (kakanpu, literally “fire + wash + cloth”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いしわた [ìshíwátá] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [iɕiβ̞a̠ta̠]

Noun

石(いし)綿(わた) • (ishiwata)

asbestos

Usage notes

When used as a standalone noun, the ishiwata reading appears to be more common.

When used in compounds, the sekimen reading appears to be more common.

Synonyms

アスベスト (asubesuto)
(dated) 石絨(せきじゅう) (sekijū)
(dated) 温石棉(おんじゃくめん) (onjakumen)

Derived terms

石綿瓦(いしわたがわら) (ishiwatagawara): an asbestos roof tile, asbestos roofing

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
石	綿
せき Grade: 1	めん Grade: 5
on'yomi

May be a borrowing from Middle Chinese compound 石綿 / 石绵 (dzyek miɛn, literally “stone + wool, cotton”). Compare modern Cantonese 石棉 (sek⁶ min⁴). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Alternatively, may have been coined in Japan as a wasei kango (和製漢語) from Middle Chinese-derived elements as a compound of 石 (seki, “stone”) +‎ 綿 (men, “cotton, batting”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せきめん [séꜜkìmèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [se̞kʲimẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

石(せき)綿(めん) • (sekimen)

asbestos

Usage notes

When used as a standalone noun, the ishiwata reading appears to be more common.

When used in compounds, the sekimen reading appears to be more common.

Synonyms

アスベスト (asubesuto)
石絨(せきじゅう) (sekijū)
温石棉(おんじゃくめん) (onjakumen)

Derived terms

石綿糸(せきめんし) (sekimenshi): asbestos thread
石綿(せきめん)スレート (sekimen surēto): asbestos slate
石綿(せきめん)フェルト (sekimen feruto): asbestos felt

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]