禦

See also: 御 and 圉

禦	U+79A6, 禦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79A6

← 禥
[U+79A5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

禧 →
[U+79A7]

Translingual

Han character

禦 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹中一一火 (HLMMF), four-corner 2790₁, composition ⿱御示)

Derived characters

𨯣, 蘌, 籞

Related characters

御 (Simplified form of 禦 in mainland China)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 846, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24820
Dae Jaweon: page 1267, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2408, character 3
Unihan data for U+79A6

Chinese

trad.		禦
simp.		御^*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禦
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
卸	*sŋjaːs
汻	*hŋaːŋʔ
滸	*hŋaːʔ
午	*ŋaːʔ
仵	*ŋaːʔ
旿	*ŋaːʔ
忤	*ŋaːs
迕	*ŋaːs
杵	*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞	*ŋaʔ
蘌	*ŋaʔ
篽	*ŋaʔ
禦	ŋaʔ, ŋas
許	*hŋaʔ
御	*ŋas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas): phonetic 御 (OC *ŋas) + semantic 示.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngi

(Hailu, HRS): ngi^˖
Eastern Min (BUC): ngṳ̄
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gīr / gū / gī

(Teochew, Peng'im): ghe⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yù
  - Wade–Giles: yü⁴
  - Yale: yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyu⁶
  - Yale: yuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋy³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gy⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gy⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gīr
  - Tâi-lô: gīr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gū
  - Tâi-lô: gū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡu³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī
  - Tâi-lô: gī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡi³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ghe⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡɯ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: ngjoX

Rime
Character	禦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚巨切
Baxter	ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ŋiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/ŋĭo^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʰ(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaʔ/, /*ŋas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʰ(r)aʔ/
English	ward off, withstand; sacrifice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禦	禦
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13178	13179
Phonetic component	午	午
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	語
Old Chinese	/*ŋaʔ/	/*ŋas/

Definitions

禦

to defend, to resist, to hold out against
防禦／防御 ― fángyù ― to defend against

抵禦／抵御 ― dǐyù ― to resist
- 保民而王，莫之能禦也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  保民而王，莫之能御也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Bǎo mín ér wàng, mò zhī néng yù yě. [Pinyin]
  The love and protection of the people; with this there is no power which can prevent a ruler from attaining to it.

Compounds

不憚強禦 / 不惮强御
不畏強禦 / 不畏强御
不畏彊禦 / 不畏强御
不避彊禦 / 不避强御
備禦 / 备御 (bèiyù)
共禦外侮 / 共御外侮
守禦 / 守御 (shǒuyù)
彊禦 / 强御
折衝禦侮 / 折冲御侮
抵禦 / 抵御 (dǐyù)
捍禦 / 捍御 (hànyù)
擋禦 / 挡御
禦侮 / 御侮 (yùwǔ)
禦寇 / 御寇
禦寒 / 御寒 (yùhán)
禦敵 / 御敌 (yùdí)
防禦 / 防御 (fángyù)
防禦戰 / 防御战 (fángyùzhàn)

References

“禦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

禦

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: ご (go)
Kan-on: ぎょ (gyo)
Kun: ふせぐ (fusegu, 禦ぐ)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ʌ̹]
Phonetic hangul: [어]

Hanja

Wikisource

禦 (eum 어 (eo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

禦: Hán Nôm readings: ngữ, ngừa, ngự

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.