羊羹
Chinese
Etymology 1
| caprid | soup | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (羊羹) | 羊 | 羹 | |
| simp. #(羊羹) | 羊 | 羹 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yánggēng
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yánggeng
- Wade–Giles: yang2-kêng1
- Yale: yáng-gēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanggeng
- Palladius: янгэн (jangɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑŋ³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: joeng4 gang1
- Yale: yèuhng gāng
- Cantonese Pinyin: joeng4 gang1
- Guangdong Romanization: yêng4 geng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jœːŋ²¹ kɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
羊羹
Synonyms
- 羊湯／羊汤
Etymology 2
| caprid | soup | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (羊羹) | 羊 | 羹 | |
| simp. #(羊羹) | 羊 | 羹 | |
| alternative forms | 洋羹 | ||
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 羊羹 (yōkan), in turn from Chinese.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yánggēng
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yánggeng
- Wade–Giles: yang2-kêng1
- Yale: yáng-gēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanggeng
- Palladius: янгэн (jangɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑŋ³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: joeng4 gang1
- Yale: yèuhng gāng
- Cantonese Pinyin: joeng4 gang1
- Guangdong Romanization: yêng4 geng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jœːŋ²¹ kɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yòng-kâng
- Hakka Romanization System: iongˇ gangˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yong2 gang1
- Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ¹¹ kaŋ²⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
Noun
羊羹
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 羊羹 (“yokan”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 羊羹 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 羊羹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 羊羹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 羊羹 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 羊羹 | |
| Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 羊羹 | |
| Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 羊羹 | |
| Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 羊羹 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 羊羹 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 羊羹 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 羊羹 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 羊羹 | |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 羊羹, 菜燕糖 |
| New Taipei (Pingxi) | 羊羹 | |
| Kaohsiung | 羊羹, 菜燕糖 | |
| Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 羊羹 | |
| Yilan (Toucheng) | 羊羹 | |
| Tainan (Anping) | 羊羹 | |
| Penghu (Xiyu) | 羊羹 | |
Etymology 3
| caprid | soup | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (羊羹) | 羊 | 羹 | |
| simp. #(羊羹) | 羊 | 羹 | |
| alternative forms | 洋羹 | ||
From Japanese 羊羹 (yōkan), in turn from Chinese.
Pronunciation
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yô-kháng
- Hakka Romanization System: ioˊ kangˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yo1 kang3
- Sinological IPA (Northern, incl. Miaoli): /i̯o²⁴ kʰaŋ³¹/
- Sinological IPA (Southern, incl. Neipu): /(j)i̯o²⁴ kʰaŋ³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iő-káng
- Tâi-lô: iő-káng
- IPA (Taipei): /io³⁵ kaŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ³⁵ kaŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io-kàng
- Tâi-lô: io-kàng
- Phofsit Daibuun: ioi'kaxng
- IPA (Taipei): /io⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
Noun
羊羹
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 羊羹 (“yokan”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 羊羹 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 羊羹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 羊羹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 羊羹 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 羊羹 | |
| Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 羊羹 | |
| Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 羊羹 | |
| Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 羊羹 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 羊羹 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 羊羹 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 羊羹 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 羊羹 | |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 羊羹, 菜燕糖 |
| New Taipei (Pingxi) | 羊羹 | |
| Kaohsiung | 羊羹, 菜燕糖 | |
| Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 羊羹 | |
| Yilan (Toucheng) | 羊羹 | |
| Tainan (Anping) | 羊羹 | |
| Penghu (Xiyu) | 羊羹 | |
References
- 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “羊羹”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary][1], volume 1 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 85
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 羊 | 羹 |
| よう Grade: 3 |
かん Hyōgai |
| kan'on | tōon |
Etymology
/yaukan/ → /yɔːkan/ → /yoːkan/
Originally from Middle Chinese compound 羊羹 (yang kæng, literally “sheep + soup, broth”). The gelatin meaning arose from the way that sheep meat or other parts would be boiled down to produce gelatin.
Pronunciation
Noun
- (obsolete) a gelatin made from boiled sheep and used in soups
- yokan, a thick jellied dessert made of adzuki (red bean paste), agar, and sugar
- 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 823:
- Yôcan. ヤゥカン (羊羹) 豆に粗糖をまぜて,こねたもので作った食物.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Cantonese: 羊羹 (joeng4 gang1)
- → English: yokan, youkan
- → Hakka: 羊羹 (yòng-kâng, yô-kháng)
- → Korean: 양갱(羊羹) (yanggaeng), 요캉 (yokang)
- → Mandarin: 羊羹 (yánggēng)
- → Min Nan: 羊羹 (iő-káng, io-kàng)
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.