羯磨

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, literally “act, action”).

羯磨

1. (Buddhism) a formal religious proceeding or event
2. (Buddhism, archaic) karma

• 業／业 (yè)

*/kɨatɨ mʷa/ → /katuma/ → /kat͡suma/

From Middle Chinese 羯磨 (MC kjot ma), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, literally “act, action”).

This pronunciation is prevalent in many Japanese schools of Buddhism, Tendai and Jōdo-shū to name a few.^[1]

• (Tokyo) かつま [káꜜtsùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠t͡sɨma̠]

羯(かつ)磨(ま) • (katsuma) 

1. (Buddhism) karma:
   1. a person's actions, deeds, works, etc.

      Synonyms: 行為 (kōi), 業 (gō), 所作 (shosa)

   2. confessions and/or vows to follow Buddhist precepts (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
   3. short for 羯磨金剛 (katsuma kongō): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• 羯(かつ)磨(ま)金剛(こんごう) (katsuma kongō)
• 羯(かつ)磨(ま)曼荼羅(まんだら) (katsuma mandara)
• 毘首(びしゅ)羯(かつ)磨(ま) (Bishukatsuma)

羯(かつ)磨(ま) • (Katsuma) 

1. a surname

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

羯(こん)磨(ま) • (konma) 

1. (Shingon Buddhism) karma: same as 羯磨(かつま) (katsuma) above