羯

羯 U+7FAF, 羯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FAF
← 羮
[U+7FAE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 羰 →
[U+7FB0]

Translingual

Han character

羯 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿手日心女 (TQAPV), four-corner 86527, composition ⿰羊曷)

Derived characters

  • 𭌅

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 953, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28537
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1398, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3136, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+7FAF

Chinese

trad. 羯
simp. # 羯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 羯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愒 *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤 *qaːds
靄 *qaːds, *qaːd
餲 *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd
喝 *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭 *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad
偈 *ɡrads, *ɡrad
猲 *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛 *kaːd
輵 *kaːd
獦 *klaːd, *rab
渴 *kʰaːd, *ɡrad
嵑 *kʰaːd
暍 *qʰaːd, *qad
曷 *ɡaːd
褐 *ɡaːd
鶡 *ɡaːd
毼 *ɡaːd
蝎 *ɡaːd
鞨 *ɡaːd, *ɢljad
遏 *qaːd
齃 *qaːd
堨 *qaːd
擖 *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
楬 *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad
朅 *kʰrad
藒 *kʰrad
竭 *ɡrad, *ɡad
碣 *ɡrad, *ɡad
羯 *kad
鍻 *kad
歇 *qʰad
蠍 *qʰad
謁 *qad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kad): semantic 羊 (“sheep; goat”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).

Etymology

“wether”
Sino-Tibetan; cognate with 羖 (OC *klaːʔ, “(black) ram”), as well as Kinnauri [script needed] (kʰas), Chitkuli Kinnauri [script needed] (kʰa), [script needed] (kʰɘs, “sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this word to 割 (OC *kaːd, “to cut”).
“Jie people”
Borrowed from Jie. Possibly of Yeniseian origin. Pulleyblank (1962) connects the ethnonym to Proto-Yeniseian *cewç (“stone”). Vovin (2000) and Vovin et al. (2016) additionally proposes *qid (“person, human being”) (cf. Pumpokol kit (“person”), Ket ке’т (keˀt, “man”)) as a possible etymon. This character was likely chosen to transcribe the indigenous name of the tribe for its pejorative meaning (ibid.).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 羯
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 月 (67)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居謁切
Baxter kjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨat̚/
Li
Rong 		/kiɐt̚/
Wang
Li 		/kĭɐt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɨ̯ɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		git3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 羯
Reading # 1/1
No. 5058
Phonetic
component 		曷
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*kad/

Definitions

羯

  1. castrated buck caprid; wether
  2. Jie people (a small, extinct tribe that once lived in North China)
  3. (Hakka) to castrate; to neuter; to emasculate

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 封胡羯末
  • 戎羯
  • 拓羯
  • 揩羯鼓
  • 摩羯座 (Mójiézuò)
  • 獯羯
  • 䍪羯
  • 羯孽
  • 羯族
  • 羯磨 (jiémó)
  • 羯羊 (jiéyáng)
  • 羯羠
  • 羯羶
  • 羯胡 (Jiéhú)
  • 羯語 / 羯语 (jiéyǔ)
  • 羯鼓 (jiégǔ)
  • 羯鼓催花
  • 臊羯奴
  • 花奴羯鼓
  • 赭羯
  • 醜羯 / 丑羯
  • 靺羯芽

Descendants

  • → English: Jie, Chieh

References

Japanese

Kanji

羯

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. barbarian
  2. (more specifically) the Jie people, a certain tribe that lived to the north of China in antiquity (see Chinese 羯 (jié) for details)

Readings

  • Go-on: こち (kochi)
  • Kan-on: けつ (ketsu)
  • Kan’yō-on: かつ (katsu)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

羯 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

羯: Hán Nôm readings: yết, khiết

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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