偈

偈	U+5048, 偈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5048

← 假
[U+5047]

CJK Unified Ideographs

偉 →
[U+5049]

Translingual

Han character

偈 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人日心女 (OAPV), four-corner 2622₇, composition ⿰亻曷)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 110, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 836
Dae Jaweon: page 234, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 191, character 1
Unihan data for U+5048

Chinese

trad.		偈
simp. ^#		偈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
愒	kʰaːds, kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	qaːds, qaːd
餲	qraːds, qrads, ɡaːd, qaːd
喝	qraːds, qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	kʰrads, ked, kʰrad, ɡrad, kad, ɡad
偈	ɡrads, ɡrad
猲	kʰob, qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	klaːd, rab
渴	kʰaːd, ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	qʰaːd, qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	ɡaːd, ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	kʰreːd, kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	kʰraːd, ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	ɡrad, ɡad
碣	ɡrad, ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡrads, *ɡrad): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jié (jie²)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): git⁶
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): geh⁷
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiat / kia̍t

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jié
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jié
  - Wade–Giles: chieh²
  - Yale: jyé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
  - Palladius: цзе (cze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: git⁶
  - Yale: giht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: git⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gid⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːt̚²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: geh⁷
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat / kia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: kiat / kia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiad, kiat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²/, /kiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵/, /kiɛt̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²/, /kiɛt̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²/, /kiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²/, /kiɛt̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: gjet

Rime
Character	偈
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	薛 (83)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠列切
Baxter	gjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/giat̚/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡrad/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偈
Reading #	2/2
No.	5056
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	傑
Old Chinese	/*ɡrad/

Definitions

偈

(literary, obsolete) (of a vehicle) rapid; riding swiftly
Synonym: 疾 (jí)
(literary, obsolete) brave, valiant
Synonyms: 武 (wǔ), 朅 (qiè)

Compounds

偈偈

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gai^6-2 / gai⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gai^5*
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khì

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Yale: jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gai^6-2 / gai⁶
  - Yale: gái / gaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gai^6-2 / gai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gei^6-2 / gei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/, /kɐi̯²²/

Note:

gai6-2 - vernacular (all senses);
gai6 - literary (reserved for Buddhist senses).

(Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gai^5*
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai³²⁻³²⁵/

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
  - Tâi-lô: khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi²¹/

Middle Chinese: gjejH

Rime
Character	偈
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	祭 (37)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其憩切
Baxter	gjejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjiaj^H/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛi^H/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gai⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡrads/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偈
Reading #	1/2
No.	5018
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡrads/
Notes	梵譯ɡātha

Definitions

偈

(Buddhism) short for 偈陀 (jìtuó, “gatha”)
(Cantonese) talk; chat; conversation

Compounds

佛偈 (fójì)
偈子
偈文 (jìwén)
偈言
偈頌 / 偈颂 (jìsòng)
傾偈 / 倾偈 (king1 gai6-2) (Cantonese)
傾閒偈 / 倾闲偈 (king¹ haan⁴ gai^6-2) (Cantonese)
啱偈 (Cantonese)
密偈
話事偈 / 话事偈 (Cantonese)
閒偈 / 闲偈 (Cantonese)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English gear.

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): gai²

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gai²
  - Yale: gái
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gai²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gei²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐi̯³⁵/

Definitions

偈 (Cantonese)

engine (Classifier: 副 c)
(figurative) body; health (Classifier: 副 c)
(figurative) body; figure; build (Classifier: 副 c)

Synonyms

(engine):

edit

engine (Cantonese)
動力機 / 动力机 (dònglìjī)
引擎 (yǐnqíng)
摩打 (mo¹ daa²) (Cantonese)
摩托
發動機 / 发动机 (fādòngjī)
馬擎 / 马擎 (Hokkien)
馬擎仔 / 马擎仔 (Hokkien)
馬達 / 马达 (mǎdá)

Compounds

偈油
大偈
爆偈

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 偈 – see 憩 (“to rest”). (This character is an obsolete form of 憩).

References

“偈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “偈”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 101.
羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “偈”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00114

Japanese

Kanji

偈

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: げ (ge)、げち (gechi)
Kan-on: けい (kei)、けつ (ketsu)
Kun: いこう (ikou, 偈う)

Korean

Hanja

偈 • (ge, geol) (hangeul 게, 걸, revised ge, geol, McCune–Reischauer ke, kŏl)

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Vietnamese

Han character

偈: Hán Việt readings: khế, kệ
偈: Hán Nôm readings: kệ, kẹ

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