脊

脊	U+810A, 脊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-810A

← 脉
[U+8109]

CJK Unified Ideographs

脋 →
[U+810B]

Translingual

Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean

Han character

脊 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火金月 (FCB), four-corner 1122₇)

Derived characters

塉, 嵴, 膌, 蹐, 䰪, 鶺, 鹡, 瘠

Additional Derived Characters

𢱣, 𱨄, 𣖷, 𥕂, 𦡠, 𰽃, 𩴎, 𩺀, 𮭉, 𦵾, 𣦒, 𩮦, 𡲺, 𢊌
(related) 𦢡, 𦢢

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 982, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29472
Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2070, character 10
Unihan data for U+810A

Chinese

trad.		脊
simp. ^#		脊
alternative forms		𦟝𦠗

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 脊
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
脊	*ʔseɡ
蹐	*ʔseɡ
鶺	*ʔseɡ
塉	*zeɡ
瘠	*zeɡ
膌	*zeɡ

Originally a pictogram (象形) of a fish spine. 肉 was added later to distinguish it. The top component corrupted into 𠦬, making it a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔseɡ): phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐ, jí (ji³, ji²)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ, ㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zek³ / zik³
Jin (Wiktionary): jieh⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): cék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiak / chek / chit / chiah

(Teochew, Peng'im): zig⁴ / ziah⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷ciq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese and Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chi³
  - Yale: jǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
- (Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jí
  - Wade–Giles: chi²
  - Yale: jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zek³ / zik³
  - Yale: jek / jik
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzek⁸ / dzik⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: zég³ / jig³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛːk̚³/, /t͡sɪk̚³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
  - Tâi-lô: tsiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
  - Tâi-lô: tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiah
  - Tâi-lô: tsiah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciaq
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siaʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siaʔ³²/

Note:

chiak/chek - literary;
chit/chiah - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zig⁴ / ziah⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsik / tsiah
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sik̚²/, /t͡siaʔ²/

Note:

zig4 - literary;
ziah4 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷ciq
  - MiniDict: cih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴jiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi²⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsjek

Rime
Character	脊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	資昔切
Baxter	tsjek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ek/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔseɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ek/
English	spine, backbone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脊
Reading #	1/1
No.	5782
Phonetic component
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	積
Old Chinese	/*ʔseɡ/

Definitions

脊

(anatomy) spine; backbone
(of terrain, rooms, etc.) ridgeline; ridge; spine; ridge beam
(of books, knives, etc.) spine
a surname

Compounds

世界屋脊 (shìjiè wūjǐ)
中洋脊
光脊梁
單斜脊 / 单斜脊
地脊
屋脊 (wūjǐ)
山脊 (shānjǐ)
戳脊梁骨
房脊 (fángjǐ)
打脊
打脊匹夫
打脊魍魎 / 打脊魍魉
書脊 / 书脊 (shūjǐ)
沒脊梁
沒脊骨 / 没脊骨
磨脊梁
背脊 (bèijǐ)
脊令在原
脊杖
脊柱 (jǐzhù)
脊梁
脊梁骨
脊椎
脊椎動物 / 脊椎动物
脊椎骨 (jǐzhuīgǔ)
脊檁 / 脊檩 (jǐlǐn)
脊百合
脊神經 / 脊神经 (jǐshénjīng)
脊索 (jǐsuǒ)
脊索動物 / 脊索动物 (jǐsuǒ dòngwù)
脊背 (jǐbèi)
胸脊
脊醫 / 脊医
脊髓
花屋脊 (Huāwūjǐ)
裡脊肉 / 里脊肉
豎起脊梁
躥房越脊 / 蹿房越脊
露脊鯨 / 露脊鲸 (lùjǐjīng)
飛簷走脊 / 飞檐走脊

References

“脊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

脊

(Jōyō kanji)

height, stature

Readings

Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
Kun: せ (se, 脊)、せい (sei, 脊)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
脊
せい Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 脊 – see the following entry.

【背せ】6	[noun] one's back (part of the human body) [noun] one's height [noun] the rear of something, the area behind
【背せい】6	[noun] height

(This term, 脊, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 脊 (MC tsjek). Recorded as Middle Korean 쳑〮 (chyék) (Yale: chyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

脊 (eumhun 등마루 척 (deungmaru cheok))

hanja form^? of 척 (“spine; backbone”)

Compounds

척골 (脊骨, cheokgol)
척량 (脊梁, cheongnyang)
척삭동물 (脊索動物, cheoksakdongmul)
척수 (脊髓, cheoksu)
척추 (脊椎, cheokchu)
척추동물 (脊椎動物, cheokchudongmul)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

脊: Hán Nôm readings: tích

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