落伍
Chinese
| to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind | associate with; five; company | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (落伍) | 落 | 伍 | |
| simp. #(落伍) | 落 | 伍 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: luòwǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: luòwǔ
- Wade–Giles: lo4-wu3
- Yale: lwò-wǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luohwuu
- Palladius: ло’у (lo’u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lok6 ng5
- Yale: lohk ńgh
- Cantonese Pinyin: lok9 ng5
- Guangdong Romanization: log6 ng5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɔːk̚² ŋ̍¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-gó͘
- Tâi-lô: lo̍k-góo
- Phofsit Daibuun: loggor
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-ngó͘
- Tâi-lô: lo̍k-ngóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: logngor
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ŋɔ̃⁵³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Verb
落伍
- (military) to fall behind the ranks
- (figurative) to be behind the times; to be outdated
Related terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 落 | 伍 |
| らく Grade: 3 |
ご Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi | |
Verb
落伍する • (rakugo suru) ←らくご (rakugo)?suru (stem 落伍し (rakugo shi), past 落伍した (rakugo shita))
- to fall behind the ranks
- to become an outcast
Conjugation
Conjugation of "落伍する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 落伍し | らくごし | rakugo shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 落伍し | らくごし | rakugo shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 落伍する | らくごする | rakugo suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 落伍する | らくごする | rakugo suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 落伍すれ | らくごすれ | rakugo sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 落伍せよ¹ 落伍しろ² |
らくごせよ¹ らくごしろ² |
rakugo seyo¹ rakugo shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 落伍される | らくごされる | rakugo sareru | |
| Causative | 落伍させる 落伍さす |
らくごさせる らくごさす |
rakugo saseru rakugo sasu | |
| Potential | 落伍できる | らくごできる | rakugo dekiru | |
| Volitional | 落伍しよう | らくごしよう | rakugo shiyō | |
| Negative | 落伍しない | らくごしない | rakugo shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 落伍せず | らくごせず | rakugo sezu | |
| Formal | 落伍します | らくごします | rakugo shimasu | |
| Perfective | 落伍した | らくごした | rakugo shita | |
| Conjunctive | 落伍して | らくごして | rakugo shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 落伍すれば | らくごすれば | rakugo sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Classical conjugation of "落伍す" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 落伍せ | らくごせ | rakugo se |
| Continuative (連用形) | 落伍し | らくごし | rakugo si |
| Terminal (終止形) | 落伍す | らくごす | rakugo su |
| Attributive (連体形) | 落伍する | らくごする | rakugo suru |
| Realis (已然形) | 落伍すれ | らくごすれ | rakugo sure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 落伍せよ | らくごせよ | rakugo seyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 落伍せず | らくごせず | rakugo sezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 落伍すれど | らくごすれど | rakugo suredo |
| Causal conjunction | 落伍すれば | らくごすれば | rakugo sureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 落伍せば | らくごせば | rakugo seba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 落伍しき | らくごしき | rakugo siki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 落伍しけり | らくごしけり | rakugo sikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 落伍しつ | らくごしつ | rakugo situ |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 落伍しぬ | らくごしぬ | rakugo sinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 落伍せり 落伍したり |
らくごせり らくごしたり |
rakugo seri rakugo sitari |
| Volitional | 落伍せむ | らくごせむ | rakugo semu |