親友

See also: 亲友

Chinese

		dear; intimate; parent dear; intimate; parent; relation; closely related; parents-in-law of one's offspring	friend
trad. (親友)		親	友
simp. (亲友)		亲	友

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīnyǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣㄧㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): can¹ jau⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîn-yû
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhin-iú

(Teochew, Peng'im): cing¹ iu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīnyǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cinyǒu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin¹-yu³
  - Yale: chīn-yǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinyeou
  - Palladius: цинью (cinʹju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: can¹ jau⁵
  - Yale: chān yáuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsan¹ jau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: cen¹ yeo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ jɐu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: qin^ˊ iu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qin¹ yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: qin^ˊ (r)iu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qin¹ yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯u²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-iú
  - Tâi-lô: tshin-iú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chin'iuo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰin³³ iu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ iu⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cing¹ iu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing iú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ iu⁵²/

Middle Chinese: tshin hjuwX

Rime
Character	親	友
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	七人切	云久切
Baxter	tshin	hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiɪn/	/ɦɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰin/	/ɦiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjen/	/ɣiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰin/	/ɦuw^X/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiĕn/	/ɣiu^X/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭĕn/	/ɣĭəu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/	/i̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qīn	yǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	can¹	jau⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]i[n] [ɢ]ʷəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰin ɢʷɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	親	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qīn	yǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ tshin ›	‹ hjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]i[n]/	/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English	close; parents	friend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	親	友
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	13804	15596
Phonetic component	辛	又
Rime group	眞	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	親	有
Old Chinese	/*sʰin/	/*ɢʷɯʔ/
Notes	說文親（同榛）聲

Noun

親友

(collective) friends and relatives
(Classical) close friend

Synonyms

(friends and relatives): 親朋／亲朋 (qīnpéng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (親友):

→ Japanese: 親友(しんゆう) (shin'yū)
→ Korean: 친우(親友) (chinu)
→ Vietnamese: thân hữu (親友)

Verb

親⫽友 (verb-object)

(Classical) to get close to

Japanese

Kanji in this term
親	友
しん Grade: 2	ゆう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんゆう [shìń'yúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩɰ̃jɯ̟ː]

Noun

親(しん)友(ゆう) • (shin'yū)

close friend, bosom buddy
- 1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “テレパ椎(しい) [Telepathinkapin]”, in カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 386:
  おれたちや親友だな！そうだな
  そうだ　そうだ
  Ore-tachi ya shin’yū da na! Sō da na
  Sō da Sō da
  We are bosom buddies! Yes, we are.
  Yes, we are. Yes, we are.
crony, chum

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
親	友

Noun

親友 • (chinu) (hangeul 친우)

hanja form^? of 친우 (“friend; best friend”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
親	友

Noun

親友

chữ Hán form of thân hữu (“relative; friends”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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