開拓
See also: 开拓
Chinese
| open; operate (vehicle); start | expand; support on palm; to develop expand; support on palm; to develop; to open up; make rubbing | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (開拓) | 開 | 拓 | |
| simp. (开拓) | 开 | 拓 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi1 tok3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khôi-thok
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khai-thok
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kāituò
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄊㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kaituò
- Wade–Giles: kʻai1-tʻo4
- Yale: kāi-twò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaituoh
- Palladius: кайто (kajto)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hoi1 tok3
- Yale: hōi tok
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi1 tok8
- Guangdong Romanization: hoi1 tog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôi-thok
- Hakka Romanization System: koiˊ togˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: koi1 tog5
- Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯²⁴ tʰok̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-thok
- Tâi-lô: khai-thok
- Phofsit Daibuun: qai'tog
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ tʰɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: khoj thak
Verb
開拓
- (literal) to develop; to open up; to break ground
- (figurative) to break ground; to broaden; to exploit
Synonyms
- (to develop):
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
References
- “開拓”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 開 | 拓 |
| かい Grade: 3 |
たく Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
開拓 • (kaitaku)
- reclamation of land, cultivation of farmland, development of resources
- exploration
Verb
開拓する • (kaitaku suru) transitive suru (stem 開拓し (kaitaku shi), past 開拓した (kaitaku shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "開拓する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 開拓し | かいたくし | kaitaku shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 開拓し | かいたくし | kaitaku shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 開拓する | かいたくする | kaitaku suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 開拓する | かいたくする | kaitaku suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 開拓すれ | かいたくすれ | kaitaku sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 開拓せよ¹ 開拓しろ² |
かいたくせよ¹ かいたくしろ² |
kaitaku seyo¹ kaitaku shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 開拓される | かいたくされる | kaitaku sareru | |
| Causative | 開拓させる 開拓さす |
かいたくさせる かいたくさす |
kaitaku saseru kaitaku sasu | |
| Potential | 開拓できる | かいたくできる | kaitaku dekiru | |
| Volitional | 開拓しよう | かいたくしよう | kaitaku shiyō | |
| Negative | 開拓しない | かいたくしない | kaitaku shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 開拓せず | かいたくせず | kaitaku sezu | |
| Formal | 開拓します | かいたくします | kaitaku shimasu | |
| Perfective | 開拓した | かいたくした | kaitaku shita | |
| Conjunctive | 開拓して | かいたくして | kaitaku shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 開拓すれば | かいたくすれば | kaitaku sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 開 | 拓 |
Noun
開拓 • (gaecheok) (hangeul 개척)
- hanja form? of 개척 (“cultivation; development”)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 開 | 拓 |
Verb
開拓