難波

Chinese

		disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good	wave; (Cantonese) ball
trad. (難波)		難	波
simp. (难波)		难	波

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 難波 (Nanba). Alternatively, may reflect an Old Chinese transcription (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Nánbō

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄛ
Cantonese (Jyutping): naan⁴ bo¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Nánbō
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Nánbo
  - Wade–Giles: Nan²-po¹
  - Yale: Nán-bwō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanbo
  - Palladius: Наньбо (Nanʹbo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: naan⁴ bo¹
  - Yale: nàahn bō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: naan⁴ bo¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: nan⁴ bo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːn²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

Proper noun

難波

Namba district in Osaka, Japan

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
難	波
なん > なに Grade: 6 (ateji)	は > わ Grade: 3 (ateji)
irregular	goon

Alternative spellings
(kyūjitai) 浪花

/nanipa/ → /naniɸa/ → /naniwa/

From Old Japanese 難波 (Nanipa), possibly from 魚庭 (Nanipa, named due to the large numbers of fish in the nearby waters) or from a corruption of 浪速 (Nami₁paya, in reference to the fast-flowing nearby waters) ^[1] or 浪花 (Nami₁pana).

Alternative forms

(old name for Osaka): 浪速, 浪花, 浪華

Proper noun

難(なに)波(わ) • (Naniwa) ^{←なには (Nanifa)^?}

(archaic) an old placename for the region that is now known as 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Osaka”)
a surname

Derived terms

難波(ナニワ)薔薇(イバラ) (Naniwa ibara)
難波(なにわ)江(え) (Naniwa-e)
難波(なにわ)潟(がた) (Naniwa-gata)
難波(なにわ)京(きょう) (Naniwa-kyō)
難波(なにわ)草(ぐさ) (Naniwa-gusa)
難波(なにわ)津(づ) (Naniwa-zu)
難波(なにわ)女(め) (Naniwa me)

Proverbs

難波(なにわ)の葦(あし)は伊勢(いせ)の浜(はま)荻(おぎ) (Naniwa no ashi wa Ise no hamaogi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
難	波
なん Grade: 6 (ateji)	は > ば Grade: 3 (ateji)
goon

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

/nanipa/ → /naniɸa/ → /naɴba/ → /namba/

Shift from Naniwa above.^[2]

Proper noun

難(なん)波(ば) • (Nanba)

short for 難波区 (Nanba-ku): the Namba district in Osaka
a surname

Derived terms

難波煮(なんばに) (Nanba-ni)

References

^ “難波”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology

Corruption of 浪速 (Nami₁paya, literally “swift waves”) or 浪花 (Nami₁pana, literally “wave flowers”).

Proper noun

難波 (Nanipa) (kana なには)

an old placename for the region that is now known as 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Osaka”)
- 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Jimmu, entry 4: [671 BCE], second month:
  皇師遂東、舳艫相接、方到難波之碕。因以名為浪速國、亦曰浪花、今謂難波訛也。
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

難波潟 (Nanipa-gata)
難波門 (Nanipa-to₁)
難波宮 (Nanipa-no₂-mi₁ya)
難波堀江 (Nanipa-poriye)

Descendants

Japanese: 難波, 浪速, 浪花, 浪華 (Naniwa)

[1] “難波”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[1]

[2]