雰囲気

See also: 雰圍氣 and 氛圍

Japanese

Kanji in this term
雰	囲	気
ふん Grade: S	い Grade: 5	き Grade: 1
on'yomi	kan'on

Alternative spellings
雰圍氣 (kyūjitai) 氛囲気 (uncommon)

Etymology

Appeared in the book on physics 気海観瀾 (Kikai Kanran) of 1827.^[1]^[2] Until the end of the Edo period, the term was used as a translation of Dutch lucht (“air”).^[1]^[2] In the early Meiji period, it became common as a translation of English atmosphere, and in the late Meiji period, it changed to an abstract meaning as it is today.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふんいき [fùń'íꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[3]^[4]^[1]
(Tokyo) ふいんき [fùíꜜǹkì] (Nakadaka – [2]) metathesis, proscribed
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟̃ɰ̃ikʲi]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ĩŋʲkʲi]

Noun

雰(ふん)囲(い)気(き) or 雰囲気(ふいんき) • (fun'iki or fuinki) ^{←ふんゐき (fun'wiki)^?}

mood; atmosphere
Synonym: ムード (mūdo)

雰(ふん)囲(い)気(き)がいい。
Fun'iki ga ii.
It's cozy.
(uncommon) atmosphere (of the Earth or any astronomical body)
Synonym: 大気 (taiki)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 “雰囲気”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NKDC-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 “雰囲気”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK7-4] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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