Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈʀaːwaj/ → /ˈʀaːwaj/ → /ʔaːwə/ → /ʔoːw/
Verb
3ae inf.
- (intransitive) to be(come) wide, to be(come) long
- (intransitive) to be(come) long (in time or duration)
- (intransitive) to be(come) rich or abundant in something, particularly offerings [Late Period, Greco-Roman Period]
- (intransitive, shortened from ꜣwj-jb) to rejoice, be(come) glad [Greco-Roman Period]
Usage notes
This intransitive use of this verb is attested earlier than the transitive use below.
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣw
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ꜣwt, ꜣwj
|
ꜣww, ꜣw
|
ꜣwt, ꜣwwt, ꜣwyt
|
ꜣw
|
ꜣw, ꜣwy
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ꜣw8
|
ḥr ꜣwt, ḥr ꜣwj
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m ꜣwt, m ꜣwj
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r ꜣwt, r ꜣwj
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| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
ꜣw.n
|
consecutive
|
ꜣw.jn
|
| terminative
|
ꜣwt, ꜣwyt
|
| perfective3
|
ꜣw
|
obligative1
|
ꜣw.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
ꜣw, ꜣwy
|
| prospective3
|
ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy
|
potentialis1
|
ꜣw.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
ꜣw, ꜣwy
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜣw.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ꜣww1, ꜣwy, ꜣw
|
ꜣw
|
ꜣwy, ꜣw
|
| imperfective
|
ꜣw, ꜣwy, ꜣww5
|
ꜣw, ꜣwj6, ꜣwy6
|
ꜣw, ꜣww5
|
| prospective
|
ꜣww1, ꜣwy, ꜣw, ꜣwtj7
|
ꜣwwtj1 4, ꜣwtj4, ꜣwt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwj
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|
|
|
|
| ꜣwj
|
ꜣwj
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ꜣwj
|
ꜣwj
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[18th Dynasty]
|
[18th Dynasty]
|
[Late Egyptian]
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Demotic: ꜥw
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲟⲩ (ōou)
Verb
3ae inf.
- (transitive) to extend, to stretch out (a hand or arm)
- (transitive) to give as an offering
- (transitive) to present or deliver, particularly a document to an authority
- (transitive) to announce or present (a person) (+ n: to someone)
- (reflexive) to arouse? oneself (to fight)
- 18th Dynasty, scarab of Tuthmosis IV:[1]
- jr ꜣww.f sw r ꜥḥꜣ jtn r ḥꜣt.f sw (ḥr) sksk ḏww ḥr ptpt ḫꜣswt
- If he arouses himself to fight, with the Aten in front of him, he destroys the mountains and tramples down the foreign lands.
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣw
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ꜣwt, ꜣwj
|
ꜣww, ꜣw
|
ꜣwt, ꜣwwt, ꜣwyt
|
ꜣw
|
ꜣw, ꜣwy
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ꜣw8
|
ḥr ꜣwt, ḥr ꜣwj
|
m ꜣwt, m ꜣwj
|
r ꜣwt, r ꜣwj
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜣw.n
|
ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy
|
consecutive
|
ꜣw.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
ꜣwt, ꜣwyt
|
| perfective3
|
ꜣw
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
ꜣw.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
ꜣw, ꜣwy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy
|
ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy
|
potentialis1
|
ꜣw.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
ꜣw, ꜣwy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜣw.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ꜣww1, ꜣwy, ꜣw
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ꜣw
|
ꜣwy, ꜣw
|
| imperfective
|
ꜣw, ꜣwy, ꜣww5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ꜣw, ꜣwj6, ꜣwy6
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ꜣw, ꜣww5
|
| prospective
|
ꜣww1, ꜣwy, ꜣw, ꜣwtj7
|
—
|
ꜣwwtj1 4, ꜣwtj4, ꜣwt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwj
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| ꜣwj
|
ꜣwj
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ꜣwj
|
ꜣwj
|
ꜣwj
|
ꜣwj
|
ꜣwy
|
jꜣwj
|
|
|
[Old Kingdom]
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[Middle Kingdom]
|
[Middle Kingdom]
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[Late Egyptian]
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[Late Egyptian]
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[Late Egyptian]
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[Late Period]
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Derived terms
Descendants
From the imperative:
- Demotic: jꜣw
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲩⲉⲉⲓ (aueei)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲩ (au), ⲁⲩⲉ (aue), ⲁⲩⲉⲓ (auei)
From the imperative compounded with sw:
- ⇒ Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲩⲓⲥ (auis)
- ⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲥ (aueis)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 3.12–4.6, 5.4–5.12
- Lesko, Leonard, Lesko, Barbara (2002) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, second edition, volume 1, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN, pages 2–3
- Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 3–4
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 1–2
- Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 14, 230
- Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 18
- ^ Shorter, Alan W. (1931) “Historical Scarabs of Tuthmosis IV and Amenophis III” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 17, page 23