ꜥm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːm/
- Conventional anglicization: am

Verb

2-lit.

(transitive) to swallow, devour
- c. 2353 BCE – 2323 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Unas — gable of the west wall of the burial chamber, line 4–5, spell 226.3:^[1]
  
  tꜣ j.ꜥm n.k prt jm.k hjw sḏr zbn
  Earth, swallow up into yourself what has emerged from you! Hiu-serpent, lie down, crawl away!
(transitive) to know

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥm (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜥm, geminated stem: ꜥmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜥm	ꜥmw, ꜥm	ꜥmt	ꜥm, j.ꜥm	ꜥm, j.ꜥm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜥm	ḥr ꜥm	m ꜥm	r ꜥm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜥm.n	ꜥmw, ꜥm	consecutive	ꜥm.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	ꜥm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	ꜥmt
perfective³	ꜥm	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ꜥm.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	ꜥm, j.ꜥm¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ꜥm.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ꜥm	ꜥmm	potentialis¹	ꜥm.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ꜥm	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	ꜥm, j.ꜥm¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜥm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ꜥm	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜥm	ꜥmm, ꜥmmj⁶, ꜥm², ꜥmw^{2 5}, ꜥmy^{2 5}
imperfective	j.ꜥm¹, ꜥm, ꜥmy, ꜥmw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.ꜥm¹, j.ꜥmw^{1 5}, ꜥm, ꜥmj⁶, ꜥmy⁶	ꜥm, ꜥmw⁵
prospective	ꜥm, ꜥmtj⁷	—	ꜥmtj⁴, ꜥmt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥm

ꜥm

Derived terms

Descendants

Demotic: ꜥm
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲙⲉ (mme)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲓ (emi)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲙⲓ (eimi), ⲓⲙⲓ (imi)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲙⲉ (mme)
- Old Coptic: ⲉⲙⲓ (emi), ⲙⲙⲓ (mmi)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲙⲉ (eime), ⲉⲓⲙⲙⲉ (eimme)

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 457.
Marcion Coptic dictionary

^ Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume I, Providence: Brown University, PT 226.3 (Pyr. 225c), W

[1] Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume I, Providence: Brown University, PT 226.3 (Pyr. 225c), W

[1]