𐽺𐽳𐽹

Old Uyghur

Orthographic variants
Uyghur script	𐽺𐽳𐽳𐽹 (nwwm /⁠nōm⁠/)
Orkhon script	𐰣𐰆𐰢 (n¹um /⁠nom⁠/)
Manichaean script	𐫗𐫇𐫖 (nwm /⁠nom⁠/)
Sogdian script	𐼻𐼴𐼺 (nwm /⁠nom⁠/)
Arabic script	نوم (nwm /⁠nom⁠/)^[1]
Syriac script	ܢܘܡ (nwm /⁠nom⁠/)
Brahmi script	𑀜𑁄𑀫𑁆 (ñom /⁠ɲom⁠/) 𑀡𑁄𑀫𑁆 (ṇom /⁠ṅom⁠/) 𑀦𑁄‌𑀫𑁆 (no‌m /⁠nom⁠/)
Tibetan script	ནོམ (noṃ /⁠nom⁠/)
ʼPhags-pa script	ꡋꡟꡏ (nwm /⁠num⁠/)^[2]

Etymology

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐫗𐫇𐫖 (nwm /⁠nom⁠/), from Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”).

Noun

𐽺𐽳𐽹 (nwm /nom/)

(religion, Buddhism, Manichaeism, Christianity) religious teachings, scriptures
Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽹 (ʾʾdyqʾm /⁠adiġam⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽳𐽺 (ʾwnklywn /⁠ewangélyon⁠/), 𐽼𐽳𐽿𐽲𐽳𐾀 (pwšqwt /⁠bošġut⁠/), 𐽸𐽾𐽹 (drm /⁠darm⁠/), 𐽸𐽶𐽺 (dyn /⁠dén⁠/), 𐾁𐽳𐽺 (lwn /⁠lun⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽳𐾀 (ʾwytwt /⁠ötüt⁠/), 𐽻𐽶𐽸𐽰𐽺 (sydʾn /⁠sidan⁠/), 𐽿𐽿𐾀𐽾 (šštr /⁠šaštr⁠/), 𐽿𐽰𐽴𐽶𐽺 (šʾzyn /⁠šazén⁠/), 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽾𐽳𐽲 (twtrwq /⁠tutroḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽶𐽲 (yrlyq /⁠yarlïġ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽷 (ywk /⁠yog⁠/)
(religion, Buddhism, Manichaeism) religion
Synonyms: 𐽸𐽶𐽺 (dyn /⁠dén⁠/), 𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽽 (kyrtkwnc /⁠kértgünč⁠/)
1. (religion, Manichaeism) Manichaeism, true religion
  Synonym: 𐽰𐽶𐽸𐽳𐽲 𐽺𐽳𐽹 (ʾydwq nwm /⁠Ïduḳ Nom⁠/)
  - c. 11th century, Raymasṭ Frazénd (𐫡𐫀𐫏𐫖𐫘𐫎 𐫜𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅), Xᵘāstvānīft XII.B 257-258 (lines 15-16):^[3]
    𐫁𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫠 𐫀𐫇𐫓𐫇𐫡𐫇𐫛 𐫀𐫔𐫃𐫇𐫎𐫏 𐫗𐫇𐫖𐫝𐫀
    𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫇𐫝𐫀 𐫁𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫖𐫀𐫔𐫖𐫉 𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡
    bʾcʾq̈ ʾwlwrwp ʾδgwṯy nwmcʾ
    ṯwyrwcʾ bʾcʾmʾδmz ʾrsʾr
    /[Yéme] bačaḳ olurup, edgüti nomča
    törüče bačamadïmïz erser […] /
    [And further we,] while we were fasting, had not fasted according to the Manichaean teachings and doctrines, then […]
2. (religion, Buddhism) false teachings, heterodoxy
  Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽴𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾzytyq /⁠azïtïġ⁠/), 𐾀𐽰𐽿 (tʾš /⁠taš⁠/)
book, book scroll, published works, oeuvres
Synonyms: 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 (pytyk /⁠bitig⁠/), 𐽼𐽳𐽺 (pwn /⁠bun, pun⁠/), 𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽻𐽶 (cʾqsy /⁠čaḳsé⁠/), 𐽽𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽲 (cyzyq /⁠čïzïġ⁠/), كدب (kdb /⁠kidab⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺 (kwyn /⁠küin, küén⁠/), 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽺𐽽 (tʾkzync /⁠tegzinč⁠/)
(politics) law, rule, doctrine
Synonyms: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽳 (twyrw /⁠törö⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽻𐽰 (yʾsʾ /⁠yasa⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽻𐽳𐽺 (ywswn /⁠yosun⁠/)

Declension

Declension of **𐽺𐽳𐽹**
	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽺𐽳𐽹 (nwm)	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾 (nwmlʾr)
genitive	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (nwmnwnk)	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (nwmlʾrnynk)
dative	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽲𐽰 (nwmqʾ)	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (nwmlʾrqʾ)
accusative	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽲 (nwmwq), 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽺𐽶 (nwmny)	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (nwmlʾryq), 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (nwmlʾrny)
locative	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾀𐽰 (nwmtʾ)	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (nwmlʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾀𐽶𐽺 (nwmtyn)	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (nwmlʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽺 (nwmwn)	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (nwmlʾryn)
equative	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽽𐽰 (nwmcʾ)
directive	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (nwmqʾrw), 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽾𐽰 (nwmrʾ)
similative	𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (nwmlʾyw)

Derived terms

𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽸𐽰𐽿 (nwmdʾš /⁠nomdaš⁠/, “member of the same religious community, co-practicioner”)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽽𐽶 (nwmcy /⁠nomčï⁠/, “priest, preacher”)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (nwmlʾmʾk /⁠nomlamak⁠/, “to preach, to sermon, to evangelize”)

Descendants

→ Proto-Mongolic:
- Classical Mongolian: ᠨᠣᠮ (nom)
  - Mongolian: ном (nom)
  - → Shor: ном
  - → Tuvan: ном (nom)
- Buryat: ном (nom)

References

^ For senses 2 and 4.
^ Uncertain.
^ https://idp.bl.uk/uv/?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.idp.bl.uk%2Fiiif%2F3%2Fmanifest%2F192566F9732149E7B230100C6362D516#?c=&m=&cv=9&xywh=897%2C-159%2C1070%2C1603

Asmussen, Jens Peter (1965) Xᵘāstvānīft: Studies in Manichaeism (Acta Theologica Danica; VII), pages 177, 198
Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “nom”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 137
Wilkens, Jens (2021) “nom”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 494-497

[1] For senses 2 and 4.

[2] Uncertain.

[3] ttps://idp.bl.uk/uv/?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.idp.bl.uk%2Fiiif%2F3%2Fmanifest%2F192566F9732149E7B230100C6362D516#?c=&m=&cv=9&xywh=897%2C-159%2C1070%2C1603

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