𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲
Old Uyghur
| Orkhon script | 𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍 (t¹uy¹uǧ /tuyuġ/)[1] |
|---|---|
| Sogdian script | 𐽂𐼴𐼷𐼴𐼶 (twywh /tuyuġ/)[2] |
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *tuńak (“hoof”).
Noun
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲 (twywq /tuyuġ/)
- (zootomy) hoof, nail (of horses, cattle, deer, etc.)
- Synonym: 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾdʾq /adaḳ/)
- 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽴 […] 𐾈 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽱𐽾𐽶 𐽹𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽺 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽼 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽰 𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾄 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽴𐽶𐽼 𐽻𐽰𐽽𐾀𐽶 𐾈
- q̈wtwz ʾwykwz […] swyβry mwywzyn yyryk yylkʾp twywqy ʾwyzʾ twprʾq̈ q̈ʾzyp sʾcty
- /Ḳotoz öküz, süvri müyüzin yérig yilkep tuyuġï üze tupraḳ ḳazïp sačtï./
- The yak bull churned up the ground with its pointed horns and crushed the earth with its hooves, scattering it.
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲 (twywq) | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (twywqlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (twywqnwnk) | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (twywqlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (twywqqʾ) | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (twywqlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (twywqwq), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (twywqny) | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (twywqlʾryq), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (twywqlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (twywqtʾ) | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (twywqlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (twywqtyn) | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (twywqlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (twywqwn) | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (twywqlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (twywqcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (twywqqʾrw), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (twywqrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (twywqlʾyw) |
Descendants
- Western Yugur: dujəɣ (tuyïɣ)
Etymology 2
By surface analysis, 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽲 (twymʾq /tuy-/, “to be aware, to understand, to listen”) + -𐽷 (-k, deverbal suffix).
Adjective
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲 (twywq /tuyuḳ/)
- (religion, chiefly Buddhism) aware, open-minded, responsive to new ideas
- 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽾𐽰 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐾁𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷
- ʾʾdyrʾ twywq̈ ly pylyk
- /Adïra tuyuġlï bilig/
- The discerning and aware [level of] consciousness (eqv. Sanskrit मनस् (manas))
- (rare) respectful; expressive, emotional, vivid,
- Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾyʾqlyq /ayaġlïġ/), 𐽽𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽷 (cyltʾklyk /čilteglig/), 𐽰𐽻𐽰𐽺 (ʾsʾn /esen/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽾𐽳𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽷 (kwytrwlmʾklyk /kötrülmeklig/)
References
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “tuyuġsuz”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 256
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tuña:ğ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 519
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tuyuk”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 568
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “tuyug, tuyuk”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 767