𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀇

Prakrit

Etymology

Prakrit verb set
𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀇 (uttaraï)
𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀇 (uttārei)

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *úd

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-

Sanskrit उद्- (ud-)

Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *tárHati

Sanskrit तर॑ति (tárati)

Sanskrit उत्त॑रति (úttarati)

Prakrit 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀇 (uttaraï)

Inherited from Sanskrit उत्त॑रति (úttarati), from उद्- (ud-) + तर॑ति (tárati).

Wackernagel claims contamination from Sanskrit अवतरति (avatarati, “to descend, get down”) to explain the sense "get down" in descendants, but Turner finds this unnecessary since "cross over" > "get down" is plausible on its own.^[1]

Verb

𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀇 (uttaraï) (Devanagari उत्तरइ) (ambitransitive) ^[2]^[1]

(transitive) to cross over
(intransitive) to exit, come out

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Eastern Hindi:
  - Old Awadhi: उतरइ (utaraï)
- Western Hindi:
  - Hindustani:
    - Hindi: उतरना (utarnā), ⇒ उतराना (utrānā)
    - Urdu: اُتَرْنَا (utarnā), ⇒ اُتْرَانَا (utrānā)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Assamese: উতলিব (utolibo)
  - Bengali: উতরা (utora), উতুলা (utula), উতুলান (utulan)
- Bihari:
  - Bhojpuri: उतरल (utᵊral)
  - Old Maithili: उतरइ (utᵊraɨ)
- Odia: ଉତରିବା (utaribā)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
- Dhivehi: އުތުރެނީ (uturenī)
- Sinhalese: උතුරනවා (uturanawā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Central Pahari:
  - Garhwali: उतर्नु (utarnu)
  - Kumaoni: उतर्णो (utarṇo)
- Eastern Pahari:
  - Nepali: उत्रनु (utranu)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Jadgali: [script needed] (utarṇu)
- Kachchi: ઔત્તારણું (auttārṇũ)
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਉੱਤਰਣਾ (uttarṇā)
  
  Shahmukhi script: اُتَّرݨَا (uttarṇā)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Old Marathi: 𑘄𑘝𑘨𑘜𑘹 (utaraṇe), 𑘄𑘝𑘿𑘝𑘨𑘜𑘹 (uttaraṇe)
  - Marathi: उतरणे (utarṇe)
Western:
- Old Gujarati:
  - Gujarati: ઉતરવું (utarvũ), ઊતરવું (ūtarvũ)
  - Old Marwari: उतरइ (utrai)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “úttarati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 81
^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “उत्तर”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

[cdial-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “úttarati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 81

[2] Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “उत्तर”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

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