𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ubbha (Latin script)
- उब्भ (Devanagari script)
- উব্ভ (Bengali script)
- උබ්භ (Sinhalese script)
- ဥဗ္ဘ or ဢုၿ္ꧤ or ဢုၿ်ꧤ (Burmese script)
- อุพฺภ or อุพภะ (Thai script)
- ᩏᨻ᩠ᨽ (Tai Tham script)
- ອຸພ຺ຠ or ອຸພຠະ (Lao script)
- ឧព្ភ (Khmer script)
- 𑄃𑄪𑄝𑄴𑄞 (Chakma script)
Adjective
𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪
- Brahmi script form of ubbha
Declension
Declension table of "𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁄 (ubbho) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā) |
| Accusative (second) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (ubbhaṃ) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (ubbhe) |
| Instrumental (third) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀦 (ubbhena) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ubbhehi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀪𑀺 (ubbhebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ubbhassa) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (ubbhatthaṃ) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (ubbhasmā) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (ubbhamhā) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ubbhehi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀪𑀺 (ubbhebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ubbhassa) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (ubbhasmiṃ) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (ubbhamhi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (ubbhe) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ubbhesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪 (ubbha) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā) |
Declension table of "𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬𑁄 (ubbhāyo) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā) |
| Accusative (second) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (ubbhaṃ) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬𑁄 (ubbhāyo) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā) |
| Instrumental (third) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ubbhāhi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀪𑀺 (ubbhābhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ubbhāhi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀪𑀺 (ubbhābhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬𑀁 (ubbhāyaṃ) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀼 (ubbhāsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (ubbhe) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬𑁄 (ubbhāyo) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā) |
Declension table of "𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (ubbhaṃ) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀺 (ubbhāni) |
| Accusative (second) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (ubbhaṃ) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀺 (ubbhāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀦 (ubbhena) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ubbhehi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀪𑀺 (ubbhebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ubbhassa) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (ubbhatthaṃ) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (ubbhasmā) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (ubbhamhā) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ubbhehi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀪𑀺 (ubbhebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ubbhassa) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (ubbhasmiṃ) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (ubbhamhi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (ubbhe) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ubbhesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪 (ubbha) | 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀺 (ubbhāni) |
Prakrit
Adjective
𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪 (ubbha) (Devanagari उब्भ, Kannada ಉಬ್ಭ) (attested in Jain Māhārāṣṭrī)
- alternative form of 𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀥 (uddha)
- c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti IV. Karakaṇḍu page 36 line 35:
- 𑀯𑀁𑀓𑀸 𑀓𑀻𑀟-𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇𑀬𑀸 𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢-𑀮𑀬𑀸 𑀧𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀬𑀸-𑀬 𑀤𑀟𑁆𑀠-𑀬𑁇
𑀮𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻-𑀬 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪-𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁂𑀬𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸 𑀧𑀬𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑁈- vaṃkā kīḍa-akkhaïyā citta-layā pŏllayā-ya daḍḍha-ya.
laṭṭhī-ya ubbha-sukkā vajjeyavvā payatteṇa.
- 1909 translation by John Jacob Meyer
- A stick that is crooked, worm-eaten, and spotted, and bunchy
and burned and dried up at the top is to be carefully avoided.
- A stick that is crooked, worm-eaten, and spotted, and bunchy
- vaṃkā kīḍa-akkhaïyā citta-layā pŏllayā-ya daḍḍha-ya.
- 𑀯𑀁𑀓𑀸 𑀓𑀻𑀟-𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇𑀬𑀸 𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢-𑀮𑀬𑀸 𑀧𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀬𑀸-𑀬 𑀤𑀟𑁆𑀠-𑀬𑁇
- c. 1088 – 1173, Hemachandra, Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana Chapter 8 2, 59:
- 𑀯𑁄𑀭𑁆𑀥𑁆𑀯𑁂 𑁈𑁫𑁯𑁈
𑀊𑀭𑁆𑀥𑁆𑀯𑀰𑀩𑁆𑀤𑁂 𑀲𑀁𑀬𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀪𑁄 𑀯𑀸 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺𑁇 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀁𑁇- vŏrdhve .59.
ūrdhvaśabde saṃyuktasya bho vā bhavati. ubbhaṃ uddhaṃ.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- vŏrdhve .59.
- 𑀯𑁄𑀭𑁆𑀥𑁆𑀯𑁂 𑁈𑁫𑁯𑁈
Derived terms
Terms inherited from 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀬 (ubbhaya) (< Sanskrit ऊर्ध्वक (ūrdhvaka))
- Ahirani: उभा (ubhā), हुबा (hubā)
- Middle Bengali: উভা (ubha)
- Bengali: উভা (ubha)
- Old Gujarati: ऊभउं (ūbhaüṃ)
- Gujarati: ઊભું (ūbhũ)
- Marwari: ऊभौ (ūbhau)
- Konkani: ubho
- Malvi: ऊबो (ūbo)
- Old Marathi: ubha
- Devanagari script: उभ
- Modi script: 𑘄𑘥
- Marathi: ubhe
- Devanagari script: उभे
- Modi script: 𑘄𑘥𑘹
- Odia: ଉଭା (ubhā)
- Old Punjabi: ਉਭਾ (ubhā /ubbhā/), ਊਭਾ (ūbhā), ਊਭਿ (ūbhi)
- Punjabi: ubbhe (sāh)
- Gurmukhi script: ਉੱਭੇ (ਸਾਹ)
- Shahmukhi script: اُبھّے (ساہ)
- Punjabi: ubbhe (sāh)
- Saraiki:
- Devanagari script: उब्भा (ubbhā)
- Multani script: 𑊂𑊟 (ubh)
- Shahmukhi script: اُبّھا (ubbhā)
- Sindhi:
- Vaghri: અભો (abho)
- 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀅 (ubbhia) ~ 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀬 (ubbhiya)
Terms inherited from *𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀼𑀅 ~ *𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀼𑀕 (*ubbhua ~ *ubbhuga)
- Bengali: উবু (ubu)
- Odia: ଉବୁ (ubu)
- Assamese: উভা (ubha)
- Old Gujarati: ऊभिवउं (ūbhivaüṃ)
- Gujarati: ઊભવું (ūbhavũ)
- Hindustani: ūbhnā
- Arabic script: اُوبْھنَا (ūbhnā)
- Devanagari script: ऊभना
- Kaithi script: 𑂈𑂦𑂢𑂰
- Old Marathi: ubhaṇe
- Devanagari script: उभणे
- Modi script: 𑘄𑘥𑘜𑘹
- Marathi: ubhṇe
- Devanagari script: उभणे
- Modi script: 𑘄𑘥𑘜𑘹
- Nepali: उभिनु (ubhinu)
- Sindhi: ubhaṇu
- Arabic script: اُڀَڻُ
- Devanagari script: उभणु
- Khudabadi script: 𑊴𑋖𑋌𑋣
Descendants
- Assamese: উভ (ubh)
- Bengali: উভ (ubh)
- Braj: ऊभ (ūbh)
- Gujarati: ઊભ (ūbha)
- Hindustani: ūbh
- Arabic script: اُوبْھ (ūbh)
- Devanagari script: ऊभ
- Kaithi script: 𑂈𑂦
References
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 77, 209
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “उब्भ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 166.
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 130.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ūrdhvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 115