๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐
Prakrit
Alternative forms
- ๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (ujjhฤa), ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ฌ (uvajjhaya), ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ฌ (uvajjhฤya), ๐๐ฏ๐๐ธ๐ฌ (uvajhฤya), ๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (ลซjjhฤa)
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit เคเคชเคพเคงเฅเคฏเคพเคฏ (upฤdhyฤya).[1] Cognate with Pali upajjhฤya.
Noun
๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤa) m (Devanagari เคเคตเคเฅเคเคพเค , Kannada เฒเฒตเฒเณเฒเฒพเฒ ) (attested in Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ, ลaurasenฤซ) [2][3][4]
- teacher, preceptor
- c. 10th century CE, Rฤjaลekhara, Kappลซra-Maแนjarฤซ 1.9:
- ๐ฉ๐ธ๐ฎ๐๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ธ๐ ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ-๐ญ๐ธ๐
๐ฒ๐๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐
๐๐ ๐๐ฒ๐๐ฒ ๐ง๐๐ณ๐บ๐ ๐ง๐ญ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ธ๐ ๐ซ๐ธ๐ณ๐ง๐๐ง๐ซ๐ธ๐ญ๐ฝ๐ ๐ ๐๐ฏ๐- bฤlakaฤซ kaรฏrฤo แนibbhara-rฤassa taha uvajjhฤo.
ia jassa paehimฬ paraแนparฤi mฤhappamฤrลซแธhaแน .9.
- 1901 translation by Charles Rockwell Lanman
- [The author of this work, Rฤjaลekhara,] has risen to lofty dignity
by the successive steps of young poet, chief poet, and teacher of King แนibbhara [Mahendrapala I].
- [The author of this work, Rฤjaลekhara,] has risen to lofty dignity
- bฤlakaฤซ kaรฏrฤo แนibbhara-rฤassa taha uvajjhฤo.
- ๐ฉ๐ธ๐ฎ๐๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ธ๐ ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ-๐ญ๐ธ๐
๐ฒ๐๐ฒ ๐ข๐ณ ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐
Declension
| Magadhi declension of ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤe) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (uvajjhฤaแน) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤe) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ก (uvajjhฤeแนa) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ก๐ (uvajjhฤeแนaแน) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ (uvajjhฤehi) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (uvajjhฤehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ (uvajjhฤฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ค๐ (uvajjhฤฤdo) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ข๐๐ข๐ (uvajjhฤatto) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (uvajjhฤฤhiแนto) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ค๐ผ (uvajjhฤฤdu) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ (uvajjhฤฤhi) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤฤ) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐ข๐ (uvajjhฤaลuแนto) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐ข๐ (uvajjhฤeลuแนto) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (uvajjhฤฤhiแนto) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ (uvajjhฤฤhi) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ (uvajjhฤehi) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ (uvajjhฤฤo) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ (uvajjhฤฤu) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ข๐๐ข๐ (uvajjhฤatto) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ค๐ (uvajjhฤฤdo) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ค๐ผ (uvajjhฤฤdu) |
| Genitive | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ฐ๐๐ฐ (uvajjhฤaลลa) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ (uvajjhฤฤha) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ก๐ (uvajjhฤฤแนaแน) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐ (uvajjhฤฤhaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤe) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ณ๐บ (uvajjhฤamhi) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (uvajjhฤammi) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ฐ๐ผ (uvajjhฤeลu) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ฐ๐ผ๐ (uvajjhฤeลuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤa) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤe) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤฤ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤo) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (uvajjhฤaแน) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤe) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤฤ) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ก (uvajjhฤeแนa) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ก๐ (uvajjhฤeแนaแน) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ (uvajjhฤehi) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (uvajjhฤehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ (uvajjhฤฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ (uvajjhฤฤo) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ (uvajjhฤฤu) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤฤ) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ (uvajjhฤฤhi) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (uvajjhฤฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (uvajjhฤassa) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ก (uvajjhฤฤแนa) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ก๐ (uvajjhฤฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (uvajjhฤammi) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤe) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (uvajjhฤesu) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (uvajjhฤesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤa) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤฤ) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤฤ) |
| Sauraseni declension of ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤo) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (uvajjhฤaแน) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤe) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ก (uvajjhฤeแนa) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (uvajjhฤehiแน) |
| Dative | โ | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ค๐ (uvajjhฤฤdo) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (uvajjhฤassa) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ก๐ (uvajjhฤฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤe) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (uvajjhฤesu) or ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (uvajjhฤesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤa) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (uvajjhฤฤ) |
Derived terms
- ๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ (ลjjhฤa) (see there for further descendants)
- ๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ฌ (ลjjhฤya)
Descendants
Inherited terms
- Apabhramsa: เคเคตเคเคพเคฏ (uvajhฤya)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Sindhi: ูุงุฌูู
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari script: เคเคตเคเคพ (ลซvajฤ)
- Modi script: ๐๐ช๐๐ฐ (uvajฤ)
- Marathi: vajฤ
- Devanagari script: เคตเคเคพ
- Modi script: ๐ช๐๐ฐ
- Old Marathi:
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- โ? Classical Persian: ุฎูููุงุฌูู (xwฤja) (see there for further descendants)
- โ? Middle Chinese: ๅๅฐ (hwa dzyangH) (see there for further descendants)
References
More information
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ1985) โupฤdhyฤyaโ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 107: โPk. uajjhฤa-, ujยฐ, ojยฐ, ujjha- m.โ
- ^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923โ1928) โเคเคตเคเฅเคเคฏ, เคเคตเคเฅเคเคพเคฏโ, in เคชเคพเคเค -เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแนแนavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 137.
- ^ Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakritโ, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, pages 14, 44, 197.
- ^ Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 121, 197: โujjhฤa, that is found in poetry in JM. [โฆ] stands for *ลซjjhฤa from *uujjhฤa=M.ล. uvajjhฤa [โฆ] dhya=jjha: M.ล. uvajjhฤaโ