𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂

See also: 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts
  • tumhe (Latin script)
  • तुम्हे (Devanagari script)
  • তুম্হে (Bengali script)
  • තුම‍්හෙ (Sinhalese script)
  • တုမှေ (Burmese script)
  • ตุมฺเห or ตุมเห (Thai script)
  • ᨲᩩᨾ᩠ᩉᩮ (Tai Tham script)
  • ຕຸມ຺ເຫ or ຕຸມເຫ (Lao script)
  • តុម្ហេ (Khmer script)
  • 𑄖𑄪𑄟𑄴𑄦𑄬 (Chakma script)

Pronoun

𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)

  1. Brahmi script form of tumhe, which is nominative/accusative plural of 𑀢𑁆𑀯𑀁 (tvaṃ, “you”)

Prakrit

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit युष्मे (yuṣme, locative of युष्मद् (yuṣmad, “you all”)), with the initial consonant replaced by that of त्वम् (tvám, whence 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ)). Attested c. 268-232 BCE in Middle Indo-Aryan as Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe). Cognate with Pali tumhe.

Pronoun

𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe) (Devanagari तुम्हे, Kannada ತುಮ್ಹೇ) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)

  1. you all; second-person plural personal pronoun

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂
Singular Plural
Nominative — 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)
Accusative — 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)
Instrumental — 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (tumhehiṃ)
Dative — —
Ablative — 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (tumhehiṃto)
Genitive — 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (tumhāṇaṃ)
Locative — 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (tumhesu)
Vocative — —
Note: Many of these forms may be unattested.

Descendants

  • Gujarati: તમે (tame)
  • Konkani: तुमि (tumi)
  • Old Marathi:
    Modi script: 𑘝𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘹 (tumhe), 𑘝𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘲𑘽 (tumhīṃ)
    Devanagari script: तुम्हे (tumhe), तुम्ही (tumhī)
  • Punjabi: ਤੁਸੀਂ (tusī̃)
  • Romani: tumen, tume
  • Sauraseni Apabhramsa: तुम्हि (tumhi)

References

  • E.B. Cowell (1868) The Prákṛit Prakáśa‎[1], London: Trübner & Co., page 153
  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 300
  • Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 39.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “yuṣmad”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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