Prakrit
Etymology
Possibly a โdefectiveโ word; compare Sanskrit เคชเคเฅเคเฅ (paแน
gu, โlameโ), เคชเคเฅเคเฅเคฒ (paแน
gula), เคตเคเฅเคเฅ (vaแน
ku, โcrookedโ).[1]
Adjective
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ (paggala) (Devanagari เคชเคเฅเคเคฒ) [2]
- mad, crazy
Declension
| Maharastri declension of ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ (masculine)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ (paggalo)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ (paggalฤ)
|
| Accusative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ (paggalaแน)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ (paggale) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ (paggalฤ)
|
| Instrumental
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ก (paggaleแนa) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ก๐ (paggaleแนaแน)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ณ๐บ (paggalehi) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (paggalehiแน)
|
| Dative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐
(paggalฤa)
|
โ
|
| Ablative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (paggalฤo) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (paggalฤu) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ (paggalฤ) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (paggalฤhi) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (paggalฤhiแนto)
|
โ
|
| Genitive
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (paggalassa)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ก (paggalฤแนa) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ก๐ (paggalฤแนaแน)
|
| Locative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (paggalammi) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ (paggale)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (paggalesu) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (paggalesuแน)
|
| Vocative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ (paggala) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ (paggalฤ)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ (paggalฤ)
|
| Maharastri declension of ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ (feminine)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ (pฤgalฤ)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤo) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤu) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ (pฤgalฤ)
|
| Accusative
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ (pฤgalaแน)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤo) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤu) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ (pฤgalฤ)
|
| Instrumental
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤe) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤi) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐
(pฤgalฤa)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (pฤgalฤhi) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐ (pฤgalฤhiแน)
|
| Dative
|
โ
|
โ
|
| Ablative
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤo) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤu)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (pฤgalฤhiแนto)
|
| Genitive
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤe) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤi) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐
(pฤgalฤa)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ก (pฤgalฤแนa) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ก๐ (pฤgalฤแนaแน)
|
| Locative
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤe) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤi) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐
(pฤgalฤa)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ผ (pฤgalฤsu) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (pฤgalฤsuแน)
|
| Vocative
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ (pฤgale) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ (pฤgalฤ)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤo) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (pฤgalฤu) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ธ (pฤgalฤ)
|
| Maharastri declension of ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป (feminine)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป (pฤgalฤซ)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ (pฤgalฤซo) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป (pฤgalฤซ)
|
| Accusative
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐บ๐ (pฤgaliแน)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ (pฤgalฤซo) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป (pฤgalฤซ)
|
| Instrumental
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ (pฤgalฤซe)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ณ๐บ (pฤgalฤซhi) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ณ๐บ๐ (pฤgalฤซhiแน)
|
| Dative
|
โ
|
โ
|
| Ablative
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ (pฤgalฤซo)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (pฤgalฤซhiแนto)
|
| Genitive
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ (pฤgalฤซe)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ก (pฤgalฤซแนa) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ก๐ (pฤgalฤซแนaแน)
|
| Locative
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ (pฤgalฤซe)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ฒ๐ผ (pฤgalฤซsu) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (pฤgalฤซsuแน)
|
| Vocative
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐บ (pฤgali) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป (pฤgalฤซ)
|
๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ (pฤgalฤซo) or ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฎ๐ป (pฤgalฤซ)
|
| Maharastri declension of ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ (neuter)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ (paggalaแน)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐๐ (paggalฤiแน) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (paggalฤi)
|
| Accusative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ (paggalaแน)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐๐ (paggalฤiแน) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (paggalฤi)
|
| Instrumental
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ก (paggaleแนa) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ก๐ (paggaleแนaแน)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ณ๐บ (paggalehi) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (paggalehiแน)
|
| Dative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐
(paggalฤa)
|
โ
|
| Ablative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (paggalฤo) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (paggalฤu) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ (paggalฤ) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (paggalฤhi) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (paggalฤhiแนto)
|
โ
|
| Genitive
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (paggalassa)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ก (paggalฤแนa) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ก๐ (paggalฤแนaแน)
|
| Locative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (paggalammi) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ (paggale)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (paggalesu) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (paggalesuแน)
|
| Vocative
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ (paggala) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ (paggalฤ)
|
๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐๐ (paggalฤiแน) or ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ (paggalฤi)
|
Descendants
Descendants
- Central:
- Eastern:
- Northern:
- Northwestern:
- Western:
- Central:
- Eastern:
- Odia: เฌชเฌเฌฒเฌพ (pagalฤ), เฌชเฌเฌณเฌพ (pagaแธทฤ)
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ1985) โpaggalaโ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 430
- ^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923โ1928) โเคชเคเฅเคเคฒโ, in เคชเคพเคเค
-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแนแนavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 506.