๐ฏ๐ฒ
Ashokan Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit เคตเคฐเฅเคท (varแนฃa).
Noun
๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa /vassa/) n
- (especially in the plural) year
- c. 258 BCE, Aลoka, Minor Rock Edict 1 Brahmagiri.2:
- ๐
๐ฅ๐บ๐๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ ๐
๐ ๐ธ๐ข๐บ๐ฌ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ ๐ฌ ๐ณ๐๐ [โฆ] ๐ฒ๐๐
- adhikฤni aแธhฤtiyฤni vasฤni ya hakaแน [โฆ] sake
- 1925 translation by Eugen Hultzsch
- More than two and a half years (have passed) since I (am) a lay-worshipper (upasaka).
- ๐
๐ฅ๐บ๐๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ ๐
๐ ๐ธ๐ข๐บ๐ฌ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ ๐ฌ ๐ณ๐๐ [โฆ] ๐ฒ๐๐
Usage notes
Turner[1] notes that ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) is almost always used in the plural (except when in a compound, which is where we find the lemma form usually), while the singular form is supplied by ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara). This suppletion is similar to the situation in Rigvedic Sanskrit, where เคธเคเคตเคคเฅเคธเคฐ (saแนvatsara) (and once เคชเคฐเคฟเคตเคคเฅเคธเคฐ (parivatsara)) is the singular and เคนเคฟเคฎเคพ (himฤ) is the plural.
However, some Southern inscriptions attest ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) in the plural as well. See Alternative forms for a detailed breakdown.
Declension
| Declension of ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | โ | โ |
| accusative | โ | ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ, ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ก๐บ vasฤni, vasฤแนi |
| instrumental | โ | โ |
| dative | โ | โ |
| ablative | โ | โ |
| genitive | โ | โ |
| locative | โ | โ |
Alternative forms
Attested at Bahapur, Bairat, Barabar, Brahmagiri, Calcutta-Bairat, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Gavimath, Girnar, Jaugada, Kalsi, Lumbini, Maski, Nigali-Sagar, Nittur, Panguraria and Siddapura.
| Dialectal forms of ๐จฌ๐จฎ (โyearโ) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Central | Kalsi | ๐ฏ๐ฑ (vaแนฃa), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa), ๐ฏ๐ฐ (vaลa) | |
| Delhi-Topra | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
| Lumbini | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
| Nigali-Sagar | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
| Rupnath | ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (chavachara) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (chavachare) | |
| Bairat | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ?๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni), ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐๐ nom.sg (saแนvachareแน) | |
| Sahasram | ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ฎ (savachala), ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ฎ (saแนvachala) | ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ฎ๐ nom.sg (savachale), ?๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (saแนvachalฤni) | |
| Gujarra | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ?๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (saแนvacharฤni) | |
| Barabar | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
| Calcutta-Bairat | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ๐ฏ๐ฒ pl (vasa) | |
| Panguraria | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ?๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni) | |
| Bahapur | ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ฎ (savachala), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ฎ๐ nom.sg (savachale), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni) | |
| East | Dhauli | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | |
| Jaugada | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | ๐จฌ๐จฎ (vaแนฃa) | |
| Mansehra | ๐จฌ๐จฎ (vaแนฃa) | ||
| West | Girnar | ๐ฏ๐ญ๐๐ฒ (varsa), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | |
| South | Yerragudi | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ญ (savachara) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ acc.sg (saแนvacharaแน), ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (savachare) |
| Siddapura | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ?๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ acc.sg (saแนvacharaแน), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni) | |
| Brahmagiri | ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ญ (savachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa), ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ acc.sg (savacharaแน), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni), ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐๐ nom.sg (saแนvachareแน) | |
| Maski | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ?๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni) | |
| Rajula-Mandagiri | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ acc.sg (saแนvacharaแน) | |
| Nittur | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ acc.sg (saแนvacharaแน), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni) | |
| Gavimath | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ก๐บ acc.pl (vasฤแนi) | |
| Map of dialectal forms of ๐จฌ๐จฎ (โyearโ) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) (17) ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) (13) ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ญ (savachara) (2) ๐จฌ๐จฎ (vaแนฃa) (2) ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ฎ (savachala) (2) ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ฎ (saแนvachala) (1) ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (chavachara) (1) ๐ฏ๐ฑ (vaแนฃa) (1) ๐ฏ๐ฐ (vaลa) (1) ๐ฏ๐ญ๐๐ฒ (varsa) (1) | ||
References
- ^ Turner, R[alph] L[illey] (1932) The Gavฤซmaแนญh and Pฤlkฤซguแนแธu Inscriptions of Aลoka (Hyderabad Archaeological Series; 10)โ[1], Hyderabad: His Exalted Highness the Nizam's Government, page 15
Further reading
- Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) โvasa-โ, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of Aลoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 169
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ1985) โvarแนฃรกโ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Pali
Alternative forms
Verb
๐ฏ๐ฒ
- Brahmi script form of vasa, which is second-person singular imperative active of ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ข๐บ (vasati, โto dwellโ)
- Brahmi script form of vasa, which is second-person singular imperative active of ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ข๐บ (vasati, โto clotheโ)
Noun
๐ฏ๐ฒ ?