𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟

Prakrit

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁

Proto-Indo-Iranian *HástʰH

Sanskrit अस्थि॑ (ásthi)?

Prakrit 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟 (haḍḍa)

Uncertain.^[1]^[2]

Per Bloch, inherited from Sanskrit अस्थि॑ (ásthi, “bone”), undergoing unexpected retroflexion (but compare अष्ठीवत् (aṣṭhīvat, “shank, shin”)) and voicing.^[3] This is doubted by Turner and Mayrhofer.^[4]

Sanskrit हड्ड (haḍḍa) is probably a Sanskritisation.

𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟 (haḍḍa) n (Devanagari हड्ड, Kannada ಹಡ್ಡ) (attested in Śaurasenī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Māgadhī) ^[5]

Maharastri declension of 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀁 (haḍḍaṃ)	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇𑀁 (haḍḍāiṃ) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇 (haḍḍāi)
Accusative	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀁 (haḍḍaṃ)	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇𑀁 (haḍḍāiṃ) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇 (haḍḍāi)
Instrumental	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀡 (haḍḍeṇa) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀡𑀁 (haḍḍeṇaṃ)	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺 (haḍḍehi) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (haḍḍehiṃ)
Dative	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀅 (haḍḍāa)	—
Ablative	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀑 (haḍḍāo) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀉 (haḍḍāu) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (haḍḍā) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺 (haḍḍāhi) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (haḍḍāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀲𑁆𑀲 (haḍḍassa)	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀡 (haḍḍāṇa) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀡𑀁 (haḍḍāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (haḍḍammi) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂 (haḍḍe)	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼 (haḍḍesu) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (haḍḍesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟 (haḍḍa) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸 (haḍḍā)	𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇𑀁 (haḍḍāiṃ) or 𑀳𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀇 (haḍḍāi)

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: हाड़ (hāṛ), हड्डा (haḍḍā), हड्डी (haḍḍī)
  - Urdu: ہَڈَّا (haḍḍā), ہَڈِّی (haḍḍī)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Assamese: হাড় (har)
  - Bengali: হাড় (haṛ)
- Bihari:
  - Bhojpuri: हाड़ (hāṛ)
  - Maithili: हाड़ (hāṛ)
- Odia: ହାଡ (hāḍa)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Nepali: हाड़ (hāṛ)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi: (haḍḍa, haḍḍā, haḍḍī)
  Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਡ, ਹੱਡਾ, ਹੱਡੀ
  
  Shahmukhi script: ہڈ, ہڈا, ہڈی
- → Baluchi: ہڈ (haďď)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Old Marathi:
  - Marathi: हाड (hāḍ)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Malvi: हाड़ (hāṛ)
- Gujarati: હાડ (hāḍ), હાડકું (hāḍkũ)
→ Sanskrit: हड्ड (haḍḍa)

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “haḍḍam”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 573
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “haḍḍa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 531
^ Bloch, Jules (1915/1920) La formation de la langue marathe (in French), Paris: Édouard Champion; republished as Dev Raj Chanana, transl., The Formation of the Marathi Language‎^[3], Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1970
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “haḍḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 807
^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “हड्ड”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].