π³ππ’πΊ
Ashokan Prakrit
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bΚ°uH-
Sanskrit ΰ€ΰ€΅ΰ₯ΰ€€ΰ€Ώ (bhΓ‘vati)
Ashokan Prakrit πͺπ―π’πΊ (bhavati)
Ashokan Prakrit π³ππ’πΊ (hoti)
From the more conservative form πͺπ―π’πΊ (bhavati, βto beβ), with lenition of bh- to h- due to frequent intervocalic position in speech.
Verb
π³ππ’πΊ (hoti)
- alternative form of πͺπ―π’πΊ (bhavati, βto be; becomeβ)
Conjugation
| Personal forms of π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
| present | β | β | π³ππ’πΊ, π³ππ’ hoti, hota |
β | β | β |
| imperative | β | β | π³ππ’πΌ, π³ππ’π½ hotu, hotΕ« |
β | β | β |
| potential | β | β | π³πΌπ―ππ¬πΈ, π²πΊπ¬πΈ huveyΔ, siyΔ |
β | β | β |
| imperfect | β | β | β | β | β | β |
| aorist | π³πΌπ²π husaαΉ |
β | β | β | β | π³πΌπ²πΌ husu |
| future | β | β | π³ππ²πΊπ’πΊ hositi |
β | β | β |
Alternative forms
Attested at Ahraura, Bahapur, Brahmagiri, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Girnar, Gujarra, Jaugada, Kalsi, Nittur, Panguraria, Rajula-Mandagiri, Rupnath, Sahasram, Siddapura, Udegolam and Yerragudi.
| Dialectal forms of πͺπ―π’πΊ (βbeβ) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Central | Kalsi | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | |
| Delhi-Topra | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | ||
| Rupnath | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | π³πΌπ²πΌ 3pl.aor (husu), π²πΊπ¬πΈ 3sg.potn (siyΔ) | |
| Sahasram | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | π³ππ’πΌ 3sg.imp (hotu) | |
| Gujarra | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | π³ππ’πΌ 3sg.imp (hotu) | |
| Panguraria | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | π³πΌπ²π 1sg.aor (husaαΉ), π³πΌπ²πΌ 3pl.aor (husu), π³ππ²πΊπ’πΊ 3sg.fut (hositi) | |
| Bahapur | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | ?π³ππ’πΊ 3sg.pres (hoti) | |
| Ahraura | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | π³ππ’π½ 3sg.imp (hotΕ«) | |
| East | Dhauli | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | |
| Jaugada | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | ||
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | π¨§π¨π¨π¨ (bhoti) | |
| Mansehra | π¨§π¨π¨π¨ (bhoti), π¨±π¨π¨π¨ (hoti) | ||
| West | Girnar | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti), πͺπ―π’πΊ (bhavati) | |
| South | Yerragudi | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | π³πΌπ²π 1sg.aor (husaαΉ), π³ππ’ 3sg.pres (hota), π²πΊπ¬πΈ 3sg.potn (siyΔ) |
| Siddapura | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | π³πΌπ²π 1sg.aor (husaαΉ), ?π³ππ’πΊ 3sg.pres (hoti) | |
| Brahmagiri | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | π³πΌπ²π 1sg.aor (husaαΉ) | |
| Rajula-Mandagiri | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | π³πΌπ²π 1sg.aor (husaαΉ), π³ππ’ 3sg.pres (hota), ?π²πΊπ¬πΈ 3sg.potn (siyΔ) | |
| Udegolam | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | ?π³πΌπ²π 1sg.aor (husaαΉ), π³ππ’πΊ 3sg.pres (hoti), π³πΌπ―ππ¬πΈ 3sg.potn (huveyΔ) | |
| Nittur | π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) | π³πΌπ²π 1sg.aor (husaαΉ), π³ππ’πΊ 3sg.pres (hoti), π³πΌπ―ππ¬πΈ 3sg.potn (huveyΔ) | |
| Map of dialectal forms of πͺπ―π’πΊ (βbeβ) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
π³ππ’πΊ (hoti) (29) π¨§π¨π¨π¨ (bhoti) (2) πͺπ―π’πΊ (bhavati) (1) π¨±π¨π¨π¨ (hoti) (1) | ||
References
- Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) βhu-β, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of AΕoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 178