𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

    From the more conservative form π‘€ͺπ‘€―π‘€’π‘€Ί (bhavati, β€œto be”), with lenition of bh- to h- due to frequent intervocalic position in speech.

    Verb

    𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti)

    1. alternative form of π‘€ͺπ‘€―π‘€’π‘€Ί (bhavati, β€œto be; become”)

    Conjugation

    Personal forms of 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti)
    singular plural
    1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    present β€” β€” 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺, 𑀳𑁄𑀒
    hoti, hota
    β€” β€” β€”
    imperative β€” β€” 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀼, 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀽
    hotu, hotΕ«
    β€” β€” β€”
    potential β€” β€” 𑀳𑀼𑀯𑁂𑀬𑀸, 𑀲𑀺𑀬𑀸
    huveyā, siyā
    β€” β€” β€”
    imperfect β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€”
    aorist 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁
    husaαΉƒ
    β€” β€” β€” β€” π‘€³π‘€Όπ‘€²π‘€Ό
    husu
    future β€” β€” 𑀳𑁄𑀲𑀺𑀒𑀺
    hositi
    β€” β€” β€”

    Alternative forms

    Attested at Ahraura, Bahapur, Brahmagiri, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Girnar, Gujarra, Jaugada, Kalsi, Nittur, Panguraria, Rajula-Mandagiri, Rupnath, Sahasram, Siddapura, Udegolam and Yerragudi.

    Dialectal forms of π‘€ͺπ‘€―π‘€’π‘€Ί (β€œbe”)
    Variety Location Lemmas Forms
    Central Kalsi 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti)
    Delhi-Topra 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti)
    Rupnath 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) π‘€³π‘€Όπ‘€²π‘€Ό 3pl.aor (husu), 𑀲𑀺𑀬𑀸 3sg.potn (siyā)
    Sahasram 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀼 3sg.imp (hotu)
    Gujarra 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀼 3sg.imp (hotu)
    Panguraria 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaαΉƒ), π‘€³π‘€Όπ‘€²π‘€Ό 3pl.aor (husu), 𑀳𑁄𑀲𑀺𑀒𑀺 3sg.fut (hositi)
    Bahapur 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) ?𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 3sg.pres (hoti)
    Ahraura 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀽 3sg.imp (hotΕ«)
    East Dhauli 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti)
    Jaugada 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti)
    Northwest Shahbazgarhi π¨§π¨†π¨Ÿπ¨ (bhoti)
    Mansehra π¨§π¨†π¨Ÿπ¨ (bhoti), π¨±π¨†π¨Ÿπ¨ (hoti)
    West Girnar 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti), π‘€ͺπ‘€―π‘€’π‘€Ί (bhavati)
    South Yerragudi 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaαΉƒ), 𑀳𑁄𑀒 3sg.pres (hota), 𑀲𑀺𑀬𑀸 3sg.potn (siyā)
    Siddapura 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaαΉƒ), ?𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 3sg.pres (hoti)
    Brahmagiri 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaαΉƒ)
    Rajula-Mandagiri 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaαΉƒ), 𑀳𑁄𑀒 3sg.pres (hota), ?𑀲𑀺𑀬𑀸 3sg.potn (siyā)
    Udegolam 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) ?𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaαΉƒ), 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 3sg.pres (hoti), 𑀳𑀼𑀯𑁂𑀬𑀸 3sg.potn (huveyā)
    Nittur 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) 𑀳𑀼𑀲𑀁 1sg.aor (husaαΉƒ), 𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 3sg.pres (hoti), 𑀳𑀼𑀯𑁂𑀬𑀸 3sg.potn (huveyā)
    Map of dialectal forms of π‘€ͺπ‘€―π‘€’π‘€Ί (β€œbe”)
    𑀳𑁄𑀒𑀺 (hoti) (29)
    π¨§π¨†π¨Ÿπ¨ (bhoti) (2)
    π‘€ͺπ‘€―π‘€’π‘€Ί (bhavati) (1)
    π¨±π¨†π¨Ÿπ¨ (hoti) (1)

    References

    • Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) β€œhu-”, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of AΕ›oka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 178