-д

Compare Proto-Tungusic *-da (“locative and dative suffix”), Proto-Turkic *-da (“locative and dative suffix”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• IPA^(key): /ˈt/
• Syllabification: д (1 syllable)

-д • (-d)

1. Marks the dative-locative case.

   Аав над энэ номыг өгсөн. ― Aav nad ene nomyg ögsön. ― My father gave this book to me.

Equivalent to English to, at or in. Used to show the indirect object of a sentence, or to indicate the time or the place an action will happen.

• -т (-t), -ад (-ad), -ид (-id), -нд (-nd), -анд (-and), -инд (-ind)

• IPA^(key): /ˈt/
• Syllabification: д (1 syllable)

-д • (-d)

1. plural marker for a small number of nouns.

   мод (mod) (tree), модод (trees), моднууд (trees)

   морь (morʹ) (horse), морьд (horses)

   нохой (noxoj) (dog), ноход (dogs)

Some words ending in ⟨н⟩, ⟨с⟩, ⟨р⟩ or ⟨л⟩ lose that consonant when adding this suffix.

• ноён (nojon, “prince”), ноёд (nojod, “princes, aristrocracy”)
• нөхөр (nöxör, “comrade”), нөхөд (nöxöd, “comrades”)

• -үүд (-üüd), -чүүд (-čüüd), -ууд (-uud), -чууд (-čuud), -чуул (-čuul), -чүүл (-čüül), -с (-s), нар (nar)

• -т (-t) (after a voiceless consonant or in North Sakhalin)
• -нт (-nt) (South Sakhalin)

Proto-Nivkh *-nt.

• IPA^(key): /-d/

-д (-d)

1. (North Sakhalin, East Sakhalin) indicative mood marker for verbs
2. (South Sakhalin) infinitive marker for verbs (see usage notes)
3. (North Sakhalin, East Sakhalin, South Sakhalin) nominaliser (see usage notes)

In South Sakhalin Nivkh, a distinction is made between this suffix, used for the infinitive, and with two other suffixes derived from the same Proto-Nivkh suffix:

• (present) -нд (-nd), -ндра (-ndra)
• (past) -нкт (-nkt)

As a nominaliser, forms action and result nouns, denotes the instrument or object of an action, or denotes something characterised by the attribute described by the verb (e.g. "to be green" > "verdure").

• -дь (-d̦) (Amur, West Sakhalin)

• Fortescue, Michael (2016) Comparative Nivkh Dictionary, München: LINCOM, page 169
• Gruzdeva, Ekaterina (1998) Nivkh, München, Newcastle: LINCOM EUROPA, page 22