-тий

Derived from Proto-Slavic *-tъ.

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-tas; the suffix continues both Proto-Indo-European *-tós and *-tus. For the participle use, compare Proto-Germanic *-þaz and Latin -tus. However the verb classes that take *-þaz in Proto-Germanic (so-called “weak verbs”) take *-nъ (“-ний”) in Proto-Slavic, which is cognate with Proto-Germanic *-naz, which in turn usually forms participles of verbs that take *-tъ in Proto-Slavic.

-тий • (-tyj) m (feminine -та, adverbial -то)

1. Deverbal from perfective mono-syllabic simple stems, forms passive participles

   Synonym: -ний (-nyj)

   (from ū-grade root:)

   взутий (vzutyj, “footwear put on”) ← взу́ти (vzúty, “to put on footwear”)

   розду́тий (rozdútyj, “swelled”) (+ роз- (roz-)) ← ду́ти (dúty, “to blow up”)

   (from ī-grade root:)

   ши́тий (šýtyj, “sewn”) ← ши́ти (šýty, “to sew”)

   би́тий (býtyj, “beaten”) ← би́ти (býty, “to beat”)

   (from nasal-grade root:)

   кля́тий (kljátyj, “pitiable, damned”) ← кля́сти (kljásty, “to curse”)

   взя́тий (vzjátyj, “taken”) ← взя́ти (vzjáty, “to take, to acquire”)

2. Deverbal, consequently forming nouns (usually with o-grade)

   вито́к (vytók, “coil”) ← ви́тий (výtyj, “woven”) ← ви́ти (výty, “to twist, to weave”)

• -кий (-kyj)
• -атий (-atyj), -ний (-nyj), -льний (-lʹnyj)