-тыр

• -тір (-tır)

From Proto-Turkic *-tur. Cognate to Southern Altai -тыр (-tïr), etc.

-тыр • (-tyr)

1. Used to form causative verbs.

   Synonyms: -іт (-ıt), -гіз (-gız), -із (-ız), -ір (-ır), -дір (-dır)

   ‎арт- (art-, “to increase”) + ‎-тыр (-tyr) → ‎арттыр- (arttyr-, “to increase”)

• All the causative suffixes are synonymous and carry the same meaning, but the usage is irregular and you can't know which one should be used. The only rule is that -т (-t) is always used after a vowel. Sometimes some verbs may have a few synonymous causatives formed by different suffixes:

  жаз- (jaz-, “to write”) + -ғыз (-ğyz) > жазғыз- (jazğyz-, “to make someone write”)

  жаз- (jaz-, “to write”) + -дыр (-dyr) > жаздыр- (jazdyr-, “to make someone write”)

• And it is also possible to attach multiple suffixes, either forming a new meaning or just keeping the same one:

  оқы- (oqy-, “to read”) + -т (-t) -қыз (-qyz) > оқытқыз- (oqytqyz-, “to make someone read”)

  өл- (öl-, “to die”) + -тір (-tır) > өлтір- (öltır-, “to kill”) + -т (-t) > өлтірт- (öltırt-, “to make someone kill”)

• IPA^(key): /tɯr/

-тыр • (-tır)

1. Forms causative verbs.

   таныштырар ― tanıştırar ― to introduce (literally, “to cause to meet”)

   кылдырар ― kıldırar ― to make someone do (something)

   иштирер ― iştirer ― to make someone drink (something)

• -т (-t)

From Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Turkish -dir (“it is”).

-тыр • (-tır)

1. (auxiliary, + noun) is

   Бо мээң кадайым-дыр. ― Bo meeñ kadayım-dır. ― This is my wife.

2. (auxiliary, + verb) it seems, probably

   Чаъс чаар-дыр. ― Çàs çaar-dır. ― It'll rain (or so I have deduced from current meteorological conditions).

   Куштар дыңналы-дыр. ― Kuştar dıñnalı-dır. ― I hear birds (but I can't see them).

• -дыр (-dır) (softening)
• -тир (-tir) (front unrounded vowel)
• -дир (-dir) (front unrounded vowel and softening)
• -тур (-tur) (back rounded vowel)
• -дур (-dur) (back rounded vowel and softening)
• -түр (-tür) (front rounded vowel)
• -дүр (-dür) (front rounded vowel and softening)