-іп

Kazakh

preceding vowel
А / Ы / О / Ұ Ә / Е / І / Ө / Ү
postconsonantal -п (-p) -п (-p)
postvocalic -ып (-yp) -іп (-ıp)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-ip, cognate with Turkish -ip, Southern Altai -ип (-ip).

Suffix

-іп • (-ıp)

  1. Forms perfective converbs.
    Мен базарға барып, көкөніс сатып алдым. ― Men bazarğa baryp, kökönıs satyp aldym. ― I went to the market and bought vegetables.
Usage notes
  • This suffix can only be negated when used with еді (edı) particle. Otherwise -й (-i) is used:
    Ешкім келмеп еді ― Eşkım kelmep edı ― No one has come
    Ол тоқтамай сөйледі ― Ol toqtamai söiledı ― He talked without stopping

Etymology 2

From -іп (-ıp) (see etymology 1) + тұр (tūr), where the second element got gradually omitted. Cognate with Kyrgyz -ип (-ip), Southern Altai -ип (-ip), Uyghur -ип (-ip), Uzbek -ib.

Suffix

-іп • (-ıp)

  1. Used to form inferential past.
    Арман Астанаға көшіпті. ― Arman Astanağa köşıptı. ― Arman moved to the Astana, apparently.
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