-आपयति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

-ᬆᬧᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
-အာပယတိ (Burmese script)
-आपयति (Devanagari script)
-ਆਪਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
-𑌆𑌪𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
-ꦄꦴꦥꦪꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
-𑂄𑂣𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
-អាបយតិ (Khmer script)
-ອາປຍຕິ (Lao script)
-ആപയതി (Malayalam script)
-ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢒᠠᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
-𑘁𑘢𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
-ᠠᢗᢒᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
-𑦡𑧂𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
-𑐁𑐥𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
-ଆପଯତି (Odia script)
-ꢃꢦꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
-𑆄𑆥𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
-𑖁𑖢𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
-ආපයති (Sinhalese script)
-𑩐𑩛𑩰𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
-𑚁𑚞𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
-ஆபயதி (Tamil script)
-อาปยติ (Thai script)
-ཨཱ་པ་ཡ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
-𑨀𑨊𑨞𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti, with an intervening unexplained -p-; this would make it a cognate with Latin -o. Otherwise, it is a secondary development in Sanskrit from -आ (-ā) +‎ -प्- (-p-) +‎ -अयति (-ayati).

Cognates include Latin -āre (the whole first conjugation in the present) together with its Proto-Italic ancestor *-āō, Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati, referring again to the whole conjugation).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑː.pɐ́.jɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑː.pɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Suffix

-आपयति • (-āpáyati)

forms some denominative verbs, sometimes with causative meaning
‎कर्मकार (karmakāra, “worker, servant”) + ‎-आपयति (-āpayati) → ‎कर्मकारापयति (karmakārāpayati, “causes to work as a servant”)
forms some verbs of secondary derivation from roots
‎वृध् (vṛdh, “to grow”) + ‎-आपयति (-āpayati) → ‎वर्धापयति (vardhāpayati, “increases, exalts”)

Usage notes

This suffix is distinct from the causative -āpayati encountered from roots ending in -ā + -अयति (-ayati) (with intervening -p-), as in स्थापयति (sthāpayati). In the Middle Indo-Aryan period, this suffix increasing eclipsed the related -अयति (-ayati) in the causative sense. As with -अयति (-ayati), an entirely new verbal paradigm could be based on such a casuative/denominative verb by taking a seṭ the root to end in -आप्- (-āp-) or -आपय्- (-āpay-).

Conjugation

Present: -आपयति (-āpáyati), -आपयते (-āpáyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	-आपयति -āpáyati	-आपयतः -āpáyataḥ	-आपयन्ति -āpáyanti	-आपयते -āpáyate	-आपयेते -āpáyete	-आपयन्ते -āpáyante
Second	-आपयसि -āpáyasi	-आपयथः -āpáyathaḥ	-आपयथ -āpáyatha	-आपयसे -āpáyase	-आपयेथे -āpáyethe	-आपयध्वे -āpáyadhve
First	-आपयामि -āpáyāmi	-आपयावः -āpáyāvaḥ	-आपयामः / -आपयामसि¹ -āpáyāmaḥ / -āpáyāmasi¹	-आपये -āpáye	-आपयावहे -āpáyāvahe	-आपयामहे -āpáyāmahe
Imperative
Third	-आपयतु -āpáyatu	-आपयताम् -āpáyatām	-आपयन्तु -āpáyantu	-आपयताम् -āpáyatām	-आपयेताम् -āpáyetām	-आपयन्ताम् -āpáyantām
Second	-आपय -āpáya	-आपयतम् -āpáyatam	-आपयत -āpáyata	-आपयस्व -āpáyasva	-आपयेथाम् -āpáyethām	-आपयध्वम् -āpáyadhvam
First	-आपयानि -āpáyāni	-आपयाव -āpáyāva	-आपयाम -āpáyāma	-आपयै -āpáyai	-आपयावहै -āpáyāvahai	-आपयामहै -āpáyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	-आपयेत् -āpáyet	-आपयेताम् -āpáyetām	-आपयेयुः -āpáyeyuḥ	-आपयेत -āpáyeta	-आपयेयाताम् -āpáyeyātām	-आपयेरन् -āpáyeran
Second	-आपयेः -āpáyeḥ	-आपयेतम् -āpáyetam	-आपयेत -āpáyeta	-आपयेथाः -āpáyethāḥ	-आपयेयाथाम् -āpáyeyāthām	-आपयेध्वम् -āpáyedhvam
First	-आपयेयम् -āpáyeyam	-आपयेव -āpáyeva	-आपयेम -āpáyema	-आपयेय -āpáyeya	-आपयेवहि -āpáyevahi	-आपयेमहि -āpáyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	-आपयात् / -आपयाति -āpáyāt / -āpáyāti	-आपयातः -āpáyātaḥ	-आपयान् -āpáyān	-आपयाते / -आपयातै -āpáyāte / -āpáyātai	-आपयैते -āpáyaite	-आपयन्त / -आपयान्तै -āpáyanta / -āpáyāntai
Second	-आपयाः / -आपयासि -āpáyāḥ / -āpáyāsi	-आपयाथः -āpáyāthaḥ	-आपयाथ -āpáyātha	-आपयासे / -आपयासै -āpáyāse / -āpáyāsai	-आपयैथे -āpáyaithe	-आपयाध्वै -āpáyādhvai
First	-आपयानि -āpáyāni	-आपयाव -āpáyāva	-आपयाम -āpáyāma	-आपयै -āpáyai	-आपयावहै -āpáyāvahai	-आपयामहै -āpáyāmahai
Participles
	-आपयत् -āpáyat			-आपयमान / -आपयान² -āpáyamāna / -āpayāna²
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit

Imperfect: -आपयत् (-āpayat), -आपयत (-āpayata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	-आपयत् -āpayat	-आपयताम् -āpayatām	-आपयन् -āpayan	-आपयत -āpayata	-आपयेताम् -āpayetām	-आपयन्त -āpayanta
Second	-आपयः -āpayaḥ	-आपयतम् -āpayatam	-आपयत -āpayata	-आपयथाः -āpayathāḥ	-आपयेथाम् -āpayethām	-आपयध्वम् -āpayadhvam
First	-आपयम् -āpayam	-आपयाव -āpayāva	-आपयाम -āpayāma	-आपये -āpaye	-आपयावहि -āpayāvahi	-आपयामहि -āpayāmahi

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms suffixed with -आपयति

Descendants

Prakrit: -𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀺 (-āvedi)
- Gurjara Apabhramsa:
  - Old Gujarati: -आविवउं (-āvivaũ)
  - Gujarati: -આવવું (-āvavũ)
- Marathi: -आवणे (-āvṇe)
- Nepali: -आउनु (-āunu)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: -आना (-ānā)
  
  Urdu: آنا (ānā)
- Old Punjabi: -ਆਵਣਾ (-āvaṇā)
  - Gurmukhi script: -ਆਉਣਾ (-āuṇā)
- Romani: -avel
Pali: -āpeti

References

Masica, Colin P. (1993) The Indo-Aryan Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 318