-p
See also: Appendix: Variations of "p"
Ainu
Etymology
Apocopic suffixing form of pe (“thing, article”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-p/
Suffix
-p (Kana spelling ㇷ゚)
- thing, -er
- (Nominalizing suffix: forms nouns from adjectives, verbs, or numbers, indicating "person or thing that does [verb]", or "person or thing that has [quality]", depending on the word to which this is added.)
Derived terms
References
- ^ John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)[1], Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co.
Hungarian
Suffix
-p
- (obsolete instantaneous suffix) It can be detected today only in a few obscured derivations such as harap (“to bite”), állapot (“state”), csillapodik (“to calm down”). [1517]
- (obsolete noun-forming suffix) It can be analyzed from a few derivatives. Presumably it became obsolete already in the Proto-Hungarian period. Its voiced variant -b has also developed. Found today only in a few words, such as közép, hasáb, nyaláb. When the language innovators created the nouns alap (“base”) and szerep (“role”), they inferred the -p suffix from back-formations such as telep back-formed from telepedik, ülep back-formed from ülepedik which were originally formed with the instantaneous suffix -p. [1219]
References
- -p in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-pi. Cognates include Finnish -pi and Estonian -b.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /-pi/, [-pi]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /-p/, [-p]
Suffix
-p
- Third-person present singular marker.
Usage notes
- Used only after monosyllabic verbs, those following the same inflection patterns as käyvvä and voija.
Latvian
Suffix
-p
- alternative form of -up
Derived terms
Latvian terms suffixed with -p
Quechua
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-p/
- (Cuzco-Collao) IPA(key): [-χ]
Suffix
-p
Usage notes
In Cuzco-Collao Quechua, the genetive case varies between -q (after vowels) and -pa (after consonants). Thus, one would say llamaq "of the llama" but atuqpa "of the fox". In Ayacucho-Chanca Quechua, the genetive is always -pa.