harap

Albanian

Noun

harap m (plural harapë, definite harapi)

  1. alternative form of arap

Hungarian

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *karɜ- (*korɜ-) (“to bite”)[1] + -p (obsolete instantaneous suffix).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈhɒrɒp]
  • Hyphenation: ha‧rap
  • Rhymes: -ɒp

Verb

harap

  1. (ambitransitive) to bite (into someone or something: -ba/-be)

Conjugation

Conjugation of harap
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. harapok harapsz harap harapunk haraptok harapnak
def. harapom harapod harapja harapjuk harapjátok harapják
2nd obj haraplak
past indef. haraptam haraptál harapott haraptunk haraptatok haraptak
def. haraptam haraptad harapta haraptuk haraptátok harapták
2nd obj haraptalak
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. harapni fog.
archaic
preterite 		indef. harapék harapál harapa harapánk harapátok harapának
def. harapám harapád harapá harapánk harapátok harapák
2nd obj harapálak
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. harap vala, harapott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. harapandok harapandasz harapand harapandunk harapandotok harapandanak
def. harapandom harapandod harapandja harapandjuk harapandjátok harapandják
2nd obj harapandalak
condi­tional pre­sent indef. harapnék harapnál harapna harapnánk harapnátok harapnának
def. harapnám harapnád harapná harapnánk
(or harapnók) 		harapnátok harapnák
2nd obj harapnálak
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. harapott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. harapjak harapj or
harapjál 		harapjon harapjunk harapjatok harapjanak
def. harapjam harapd or
harapjad 		harapja harapjuk harapjátok harapják
2nd obj harapjalak
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. harapott légyen
infinitive harapni harapnom harapnod harapnia harapnunk harapnotok harapniuk
other
forms 		verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
harapás harapó harapott harapandó harapva (harapván) haraptat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
Potential conjugation of harap
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. haraphatok haraphatsz haraphat haraphatunk haraphattok haraphatnak
def. haraphatom haraphatod haraphatja haraphatjuk haraphatjátok haraphatják
2nd obj haraphatlak
past indef. haraphattam haraphattál haraphatott haraphattunk haraphattatok haraphattak
def. haraphattam haraphattad haraphatta haraphattuk haraphattátok haraphatták
2nd obj haraphattalak
archaic
preterite 		indef. haraphaték haraphatál haraphata haraphatánk haraphatátok haraphatának
def. haraphatám haraphatád haraphatá haraphatánk haraphatátok haraphaták
2nd obj haraphatálak
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. haraphat vala, haraphatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. haraphatandok
or harapandhatok 		haraphatandasz
or harapandhatsz 		haraphatand
or harapandhat 		haraphatandunk
or harapandhatunk 		haraphatandotok
or harapandhattok 		haraphatandanak
or harapandhatnak
def. haraphatandom
or harapandhatom 		haraphatandod
or harapandhatod 		haraphatandja
or harapandhatja 		haraphatandjuk
or harapandhatjuk 		haraphatandjátok
or harapandhatjátok 		haraphatandják
or harapandhatják
2nd obj haraphatandalak
or harapandhatlak
condi­tional pre­sent indef. haraphatnék haraphatnál haraphatna haraphatnánk haraphatnátok haraphatnának
def. haraphatnám haraphatnád haraphatná haraphatnánk
(or haraphatnók) 		haraphatnátok haraphatnák
2nd obj haraphatnálak
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. haraphatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. haraphassak haraphass or
haraphassál 		haraphasson haraphassunk haraphassatok haraphassanak
def. haraphassam haraphasd or
haraphassad 		haraphassa haraphassuk haraphassátok haraphassák
2nd obj haraphassalak
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. haraphatott légyen
infinitive (haraphatni) (haraphatnom) (haraphatnod) (haraphatnia) (haraphatnunk) (haraphatnotok) (haraphatniuk)
other
forms 		positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
harapható haraphatatlan (haraphatva / haraphatván)

Derived terms

Compound words
  • harapófogó

(With verbal prefixes):

  • átharap
  • beleharap
  • elharap
  • kettéharap
  • kiharap
  • leharap
  • megharap
  • összeharap
  • ráharap
  • szétharap
  • utánaharap
  • visszaharap
Expressions

References

  1. ^ Entry #249 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ harap in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • harap in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay harap, from Old Javanese harĕp (“to wish, desire”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of depan and hadap.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ha.rap/

Verb

harap

  1. to hope
  2. to wish

Derived terms

  • harap siarkan

References

  1. ^ Adelaar, K. Alexander (1992) Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology, Pacific Linguistics, →DOI, pages 140–141

Further reading

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Javanese harĕp (“to wish, desire, about to”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of hadap.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /harap/
  • Rhymes: -arap

Verb

harap (Jawi spelling هارڤ)

  1. to hope

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Indonesian: harap

References

  1. ^ Adelaar, K. Alexander (1992) Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology, Pacific Linguistics, →DOI, pages 140–141

Polish

Alternative forms

  • herap (obsolete)

Etymology

Borrowed from German herab.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxa.rap/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -arap
  • Syllabification: ha‧rap

Noun

harap m inan (related adjective harapowy)

  1. (hunting) hunting crop
    Synonym: korbacz

Declension

Declension of harap
singular plural
nominative harap harapy
genitive harapa/harapu harapów
dative harapowi harapom
accusative harap harapy
instrumental harapem harapami
locative harapie harapach
vocative harapie harapy

Derived terms

noun
  • harapnik
verb
  • harapować impf
adjective
  • harapnikowy
noun
  • harapniczek

Further reading

Romanian

Noun

harap m (plural harapi)

  1. alternative form of arap

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay hadap (“to face”) or Old Javanese harĕp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Compare Yakan harap.

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /haˈɾap/ [hɐˈɾap̚]
  • Rhymes: -ap
  • Syllabification: ha‧rap

Noun

haráp (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜇᜉ᜔)

  1. front; forefront
    Synonym: unahan
  2. threshold
    Synonyms: bukana, bungad
  3. facade; front of a building
    Synonym: patsada
  4. presence; attendance
    Synonyms: dalo, pagdalo
  5. presenting of oneself to someone
    Synonyms: pakikipagkita, pagharap, pakikiharap
  6. submission for discussion or approval (of papers, reports, etc.)
  7. actual attendance; actual performance (of one's duty)
    Synonyms: pagtupad, pagsasakatuparan
  8. attention given (to a visitor or guest)
    Synonyms: asikaso, pag-aasikaso
  9. (euphemistic) genitals
    Synonyms: ari, pag-aari

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “harap”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
  • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qadep”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish خراب (harab), ultimately from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [hɑˈɾɑp]
  • Hyphenation: ha‧rap

Adjective

harap

  1. ruined
  2. devastated

Derived terms

  • harap düşmek
  • harap etmek
  • harap olmak
  • haraplaşmak
  • haraplık

References

Turkmen

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ha‧rap

Adjective

harap (comparative ?, superlative iň harap)

  1. bad, damaged, spoiled, broken

Derived terms

  • harapçylyk
  • haraplamak
  • haraplanmak
  • haraplaşmak
  • haraplatmak
  • haraplyk

Further reading

  • “harap” in Enedilim.com
  • “harap” in Webonary.org

Yakan

Verb

harap

  1. to face (someone, something, or both)

Derived terms

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