Punjab

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Punjabi ਪੰਜਾਬ / پنجاب (pañjāb), from Classical Persian پَنْجَاب (panjāb, “[Land of] the Five Rivers”), from پَنْج (panj, “five”) and آب (āb, “water”), referring to five rivers of the Punjab region:[1] the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Sutlej and the Beas. The Persian term is a calque of Sanskrit पञ्चनद (pañcanada, “[Land of] the Five Rivers”), from पञ्च (pañca, “five”) and नद (nada, “river”).[2][3]

Pronunciation

  • (Indic) IPA(key): /pə̃ˈdʒaːb/, /panˈdʒaːb/
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /pʌnˈdʒɑːb/
  • (US, hyperforeign) IPA(key): /pʊnˈdʒɑːb/, /ˈpuːn.dʒɑːb/
  • Audio (Southern England):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑːb

Proper noun

Punjab

  2. A geographical region of South Asia, divided (by the Radcliffe Line) between India and Pakistan. Pakistani Punjab includes the (West) Punjab Province and parts of the Islamabad Capital Territory; Indian Punjab includes (East) Punjab State and some other territories.
  4. A state in northern India. Capital: Chandigarh. Largest city: Ludhiana.
  6. A province in Pakistan. Capital: Lahore.

Derived terms

Translations

See also

states of Indiaedit
provinces and territories of Pakistanedit

References

  1. ^ “Punjab”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
  2. ^ (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[1], 12 May 2019 (last accessed), archived from the original on 1 December 2018
  3. ^ “Macdonell, Arthur Anthony. A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout. London: Oxford University Press, 1929.”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[2], 10 July 2018 (last accessed), archived from the original on 1 December 2018
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