Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/kla(ː)ʔ

This Proto-Austroasiatic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austroasiatic

Etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *kla(ː)ʔ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA158)
Proto-Mon-Khmer: *klaʔ (Shorto, 2006, #197)

Noun

*kla(ː)ʔ

tiger

Descendants

Proto-Aslian: *klaaʔ (Diffloth, 1976)
- Chewong: kleʔ
- Jah Hut: kelaq
Proto-Bahnaric: *klaː₁ (Sidwell, 2011) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Katuic: *kalaa (Sidwell, 2005) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Khasian: *kʰla (Sidwell, 2012) (see there for further descendants)
Khmeric:
- Khmer: ខ្លា (khlaa, “tiger”)
  - → Thai: ขฺลา (klǎa, “tiger”)
Proto-Monic: *klaaʔ (Diffloth, 1986)
- Old Mon: klaʔ
  - Mon: ကၠ (klaˀ)
Munda
- Santali: ᱠᱩᱞ (kul)
- Mundari: [script needed] (kula)
- Ho: [script needed] (kula)
→ Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *k-la (see there for further descendants)
- Chinese: 虎
  → Vietnamese: hổ
Proto-Vietic: *kʰaːlʔ < *k-haːlʔ (Ferlus, 2007) (metathesis)
- Viet-Muong:
  - Muong: khảl
  - North Central Vietnamese: khái
  - → Khmer: ខាល (khaal, “year of the Tiger”)
    - → Thai: ขาล (khan, “year of the Tiger”)

References

Shorto, Harry (2006) Sidwell, Paul, Doug Cooper and Christian Bauer, editors, A Mon-Khmer Comparative Dictionary, Canberra: Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN
Sidwell, Paul (2024) “500 Proto Austroasiatic Etyma: Version 1.0”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society‎^[1], volume 17, number 1, pages i–xxxiii