Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/k-la

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *k-la (Matisoff, STEDT)

Borrowed from Proto-Austroasiatic *kla(ː)ʔ (“tiger”), whence also Thai ขฺลา (khla, “tiger”).

Noun

*k-la

  1. tiger

Descendants

  • Old Chinese: 虎 (*qʰˁraʔ (B-S, western dialect), qʰlaːʔ (ZS), “tiger”), 於菟 / 于菟 (wūtú), 烏䖘 / 乌䖘 (wūtú), 䖘 (*qa-tʰaː < **ʔa-l̥aː < **ʔa- + **klaː (ancient Chu dialect), “tiger”), 於檡 / 于𰗛 (*qa-rlaːɡ < **ʔa-l̥aːg (variant), “tiger”)
    (虎 in the oracle bone script)　
    • Middle Chinese: 虎 (huoX)
      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 虎 (hǔ, /xu²¹⁴/)
      • Cantonese
        • Guangzhou: 虎 /fuː³⁵/
      • Wu
        • Shanghai: 虎 /hɯ³⁴/
    • Min
      • Min Nan
        • Taiwan: 虎 /hɔ⁵¹/
Sino-Xenic (虎):
  • → Japanese: 虎(こ) (ko)
  • → Korean: 호(虎) (ho)
  • → Vietnamese: hổ (虎)
  • Lolo-Burmese: /*(k-)la/ (Benedict, 1972)
    • Burmish
      • Burmic
        • Burmese: ကျား (kya:, “tiger”) (< kla (Inscriptional Burmese)) /tɕá/
      • Maruic
        • Pela: la³¹ (“tiger, leopard”)
    • Loloish
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꆿ (lat, “tiger”)
      • Central Loloish
        • Lisu (Southern): ꓡꓽ (lɑ̀, “tiger”)
        • Lahu: lâ (“tiger”)
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