Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/Sapuy

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Etymology

Compare Proto-Kra-Dai *(C)apuj and Ainu アペ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sapuj/

Noun

*Sapuy

fire (oxidation reaction)

Descendants

Paiwan: sapuy
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *hapuy
- Land Dayak
  - Bau Bidayuh: apuy
- Proto-Philippine: *hapúy
  - Batanic
    - Yami: apoy
  - Northern Luzon
    - Cagayan Valley
      - Ibanag: afi
    - Northeastern Luzon
      - Dupaningan Agta: apoy
    - Ilocano: apóy
    - Meso-Cordilleran
      - Limos Kalinga: apuy
  - Central Luzon
    - Kapampangan: api
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Tagalog: apóy
    - Danao
      - Maranao: apoy
    - Manobo
      - Ata Manobo: hapuy
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: hapuy
- Barito
  - Ngaju: apui
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  - Mentawai: api
  - Proto-Batak: *apuy
    - Karo Batak: api
    - Simalungun Batak: apui
    - Toba Batak: api
- Lampung Api: apuy
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *apuy
  - Malayo-Chamic
    - Acehnese: apuy
    - Proto-Malayic: *api
      - Banjarese: api
      - Kendayan: api
      - Ibanic
        Iban: api
        Keninjal: api
        Mualang: apíː
        Remun: api
        Seberuang: apey
      - Nuclear Malayic
        Malay: api
        > Ambonese Malay: api (inherited)
        > Indonesian: api (inherited)
        Brunei Malay: api
        Kedah Malay: api
        Musi: api
        Central Malay: api
        Minangkabau: api
        Negeri Sembilan Malay: api
        Pattani Malay: อาปี (api)
      - Urak Lawoi': อาปี (api)
    - Madurese: apoy
    - Bali–Sasak
      - Balinese: ᬳᬧᬶ (api)
      - Sasak: api
- Old Javanese: apuy
- Proto-South Sulawesi: *api
  - Buginese: api
  - Mandar: api
  - Tae': api
  - Toraja-Sa'dan: api
- Celebic
  - Tomini-Tolitoli
    - Tomini: api
  - Kaili–Pamona
    - Pamona: apu
    - Uma: apu
  - Saluan–Banggai
    - Batui: apu
    - Saluan: apu
- Chamorro: guåfi
- Palauan: ngau
- Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *apuy (see there for further descendants)

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*Sapuy”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *Sapuy