Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/lima

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lima/

Numeral

**Proto-Austronesian cardinal numbers**
< 4	5	6 >
Cardinal : *lima

*lima

five
Synonym: *ɣatep

Noun

*lima

hand (part of the body)

Derived terms

*i-lima (“five”) (Proto-Oceanic)
*ika-lima (“fifth (ordinal numeral)”) (Proto-Malayo-Polynesian)
*iŋ-lima (“five times”) (Proto-Malayo-Polynesian)
*ka-lima (“five times”) (Proto-Malayo-Polynesian)
*kuma-lima (“five in order”) (Proto-Malayo-Polynesian)
*la-lima (“five (in counting people)”)
*lima ŋa puluq (“fifty”) (Proto-Malayo-Polynesian)
*maka-lima (“five times”)
*maR-lima (“divide into groups of five”) (Proto-Malayo-Polynesian)
*maŋ-lima (“divide into groups of five”) (Proto-Malayo-Polynesian)
*pa-lima (“divide into five (?)”) (Proto-Malayo-Polynesian)
*paka-lima₁ (“five times”) (Proto-Malayo-Polynesian)
*paka-lima₂ (“five times”) (Proto-Oceanic)
*Sika-lima (“fifth (ordinal numeral)”)

Descendants

Proto-Atayalic: *lima
- Taroko: lima
Proto-Rukai: *ɭima
- Rukai:
  - Taromak Drekay: lima
  - Ngudradrekay: lrima
  - Oponoho: lrima
  - Teldreka: rima
  - Thakongadavane: yima
Proto-Tsouic: *líma
- Tsou: eimo
- Saaroa: ulima
- Kanakanabu: urima
Western Plains:
- Papora: lima
- Hoanya: lima
- Thao: rima
Paiwan: lima
Proto-Puyuma: *ɭima
- Puyuma: lima
Proto-Bunun: *hima
- Bunun: hima
  - Isbukun: ima
East Formosan:
- Amis: lima
- Sakizaya: lima
- Kavalan: lima
- Makatao: lima
- Siraya: rima
- Taivoan: hima
- Basay: cima
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *lima
- Barito
  - East Barito
    - Malagasy: dimy
    - Ma'anyan: dime
  - Sama-Bajaw
    - Mapun: lima
    - Pangutaran Sama: lima
    - West Coast Bajau: limo
- North Bornean
  - Central Melanau: lima
- Proto-Philippine: *lima (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Oceanic: *lima (see there for further descendants)
- Timor-Babar
  - Tetum: lima
- Sumba-Flores
  - Laboya: lima
- Chamorro: lima
- Javanese: lima
- Kaili-Pamona
  - Uma: lima
- Madurese: lema
- Balinese: lima
- Malayo-Chamic
  - Chamic
    - Eastern Cham: limœû
    - Jarai: rơma
    - Rade: êma
  - Proto-Malayic: *lima(ʔ) (see there for further descendants)
- Muna-Buton
  - Cia-Cia: lima

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*lima”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI